Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Conservation status
	; Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Polypodiales
Suborder:	Aspleniineae
Family:	Aspleniaceae
Genus:	Asplenium
Species:	A. adiantum-nigrum
Binomial name
	Asplenium adiantum-nigrum; L.
Synonyms
	Asplenium andrewsii A.Nelson; Asplenium lucidum Burm.f.;

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort.^[3] It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States.^[3]^[4]

Description

This spleenwort has thick, triangular leaf blades up to 10 centimeters long which are divided into several subdivided segments. It is borne on a reddish green petiole and the rachis is shiny and slightly hairy. The undersides of each leaf segment have one or more sori^[4] arranged in chains.^[5]

Taxonomy

Linnaeus was the first to describe black spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.^[6]

A chloroplast phylogeny verified the allopolyploid origin of A. adiantum-nigrum, with A. cuneifolium supplying the paternal genome and A. onopteris the maternal genome.^[7]

Native distribution

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is native to:
Africa

Northern and Southern Africa in: Algeria; Lesotho; Morocco; the provinces of South Africa including Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, and Western Cape; and Tunisia.

Asia

Western Asia and Central Asia in - the Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Cyprus; the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt; Kyrgyzstan; Ciscaucasia and Dagestan in Russia; and Turkey.

Europe

Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France (including Corsica); Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy (including Sardinia); the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal, Romania; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine (including Krym); the United Kingdom; and in the Balkan Peninsula (former Yugoslavia)

Macaronesia

Macaronesian archipelagoes of: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands.

North America

Southwestern United States – Arizona, Colorado, and Utah^[3]

Oceania

Hawaii^[4]

In Hawaii, this native fern grows on cinder cones and lava flows,^[8] and it is present in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.^[5]

References

^ Asplenium adiantum-nigrum was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1081. 1753. "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011. Annotation: as "Adiant. nigrum"
^ "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. synonyms". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.; Werth, Charles R. (1993). "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
^ ^a ^b Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
^ Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. II (1st ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1081.
^ Xu et al. 2020, p. 46.
^ Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. The Nature Conservancy.

Xu, Ke-Wang; Zhang, Liang; Rothfels, Carl J.; Smith, Alan R.; Viane, Ronald; Lorence, David; Wood, Kenneth R.; Cheng, Cheng-Wei; Knapp, Ralf; Zhou, Lin; Lu, Ngan Thi; Zhou, Xin-Mao; Wei, Hong-Jin; Fan, Qiang; Chen, Su-Fang; Cicuzza, Daniele; Gao, Xin-Fen; Li, Wen-Bo; Zhang, Li-Bing (2020). "A global plastid phylogeny of the fern genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae)". Cladistics. 36 (1): 22–71. doi:10.1111/cla.12384. PMID 34618950. S2CID 201197385.

External links

USDA Plants Profile - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

[trop1-1] Asplenium adiantum-nigrum was originally described and published in Species Plantarum 2: 1081. 1753. "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L." Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011. Annotation: as "Adiant. nigrum"

[trop2-2] "Name - Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. synonyms". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved November 4, 2011.

[grin-3] "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved November 4, 2011.

[fna-4] Wagner, Warren H. Jr.; Moran, Robbin C.; Werth, Charles R. (1993). "Asplenium adiantum-nigrum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Vol. 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[ess-5] Esser, Lora L. 1994. Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).

[6] Linnaeus, C. (1753). Species Plantarum. Vol. II (1st ed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 1081.

[FOOTNOTEXuZhangRothfelsSmith202046-7] Xu et al. 2020, p. 46.

[tnc-8] Asplenium adiantum-nigrum. The Nature Conservancy.

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