As of May 2023, 82.6 percent of people in Canada use private automobiles as their primary form of transportation to their workplace.^[1] Canada recorded nearly 26 million registered vehicles in 2020.^[2]

Canadian traffic laws are enforced under federal, provincial/territorial, and municipal jurisdictions.^[3] Canada utilizes a right-hand traffic pattern, requiring traffic to keep to the right. Some provinces, however, initially had left-hand traffic patterns, with the exception of Quebec and Ontario which always had right-hand patterns.^[4]

Unless there is a sign indicating otherwise, drivers are permitted to turn right on red everywhere in Canada except the Island of Montreal.^[5] Generally, drivers at uncontrolled intersections and all-way stops have the right-of-way if they are the first to stop at the intersection,^[6][7] with priority to the right being enforced if multiple vehicles arrive simultaneously.^[8]

Speed limits are set by either the federal, provincial, or municipal governments depending on the jurisdiction under which the road falls.^[9] In national parks for example, speed limits are set by Parks Canada, an agency of the federal government.^[10][11][12] Depending on where you are driving, the speed limit typically ranges from 30 km/h to 100 km/h;^[5] highway speed limits usually range from 100 km/h to 110 km/h depending on the province. British Columbia's highways have a speed limit of 120 km/h.^[13]

Seat belt legislation is determined by province,^[14] all of which having passed legislation requiring seat belt use.^[15]

A driver's license is legally required to drive a motor vehicle in Canada. These licenses are issued by provincial/territorial governments, and must be carried when driving. The process to obtain a driver's license varies by province or territory, but typically contains a written test and a driving test.^[16]

In 2020, Transport Canada recorded 104,286 and 1,746 fatalities from vehicle collisions, an average decrease from 2011.^[2]

In Canada, vehicle insurance is mandatory for all vehicle owners.^[17] Insurance structure varies between provinces: most provinces operate within private markets, but three provinces—British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba—utilize a mandatory, government-issued minimum coverage. Quebec follows a model in which injury-related claims are covered by the government insurer while property damage is covered by private insurers.^[18]

Wikivoyage has travel information for driving in Canada.