Endothelin receptor type B, (ET-B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDNRBgene.[5]
Function
Endothelin receptor type B is a G protein-coupled receptor which activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its ligand, endothelin, consists of a family of three potent vasoactive peptides: ET1, ET2, and ET3. A splice variant, named SVR, has been described; the sequence of the ETB-SVR receptor is identical to ETRB except for the intracellular C-terminal domain. While both splice variants bind ET1, they exhibit different responses upon binding which suggests that they may be functionally distinct.[6]
The multigenic disorder, Hirschsprung disease type 2, is due to mutation in endothelin receptor type B gene.[9]
Animals
In horses, a mutation in the middle of the EDNRB gene, Ile118Lys, when homozygous, causes Lethal White Syndrome.[10] In this mutation, a mismatch in the DNA replication causes lysine to be made instead of isoleucine.[10] The resulting EDNRB protein is unable to fulfill its role in the development of the embryo, limiting the migration of the melanocyte and enteric neuron precursors. A single copy of the EDNRB mutation, the heterozygous state, produces an identifiable and completely benign spotted coat color called frame overo.[11]
^Metallinos DL, Bowling AT, Rine J (1998). "A missense mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with Lethal White Foal Syndrome: an equine version of Hirschsprung disease". Mamm. Genome. 9 (6): 426–31. doi:10.1007/s003359900790. PMID9585428. S2CID19536624.
Hofstra RM, Osinga J, Buys CH (1998). "Mutations in Hirschsprung disease: when does a mutation contribute to the phenotype". European Journal of Human Genetics. 5 (4): 180–5. doi:10.1159/000484760. PMID9359036.
Ogawa Y, Nakao K, Arai H, Nakagawa O, Hosoda K, Suga S, Nakanishi S, Imura H (Jul 1991). "Molecular cloning of a non-isopeptide-selective human endothelin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 178 (1): 248–55. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91806-N. PMID1648908.
Nakamuta M, Takayanagi R, Sakai Y, Sakamoto S, Hagiwara H, Mizuno T, Saito Y, Hirose S, Yamamoto M, Nawata H (May 1991). "Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding human non-selective type of endothelin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 177 (1): 34–9. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)91944-8. PMID1710450.
Sakamoto A, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Takuwa Y, Yanagisawa H, Masaki T (Jul 1991). "Cloning and functional expression of human cDNA for the ETB endothelin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 178 (2): 656–63. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(91)90158-4. PMID1713452.
Puffenberger EG, Kauffman ER, Bolk S, Matise TC, Washington SS, Angrist M, Weissenbach J, Garver KL, Mascari M, Ladda R (Aug 1994). "Identity-by-descent and association mapping of a recessive gene for Hirschsprung disease on human chromosome 13q22". Human Molecular Genetics. 3 (8): 1217–25. doi:10.1093/hmg/3.8.1217. PMID7987295.
Puffenberger EG, Hosoda K, Washington SS, Nakao K, deWit D, Yanagisawa M, Chakravart A (Dec 1994). "A missense mutation of the endothelin-B receptor gene in multigenic Hirschsprung's disease". Cell. 79 (7): 1257–66. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90016-7. PMID8001158. S2CID24894649.
Baynash AG, Hosoda K, Giaid A, Richardson JA, Emoto N, Hammer RE, Yanagisawa M (Dec 1994). "Interaction of endothelin-3 with endothelin-B receptor is essential for development of epidermal melanocytes and enteric neurons". Cell. 79 (7): 1277–85. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90018-3. PMID8001160. S2CID32577813.
Attié T, Till M, Pelet A, Amiel J, Edery P, Boutrand L, Munnich A, Lyonnet S (Dec 1995). "Mutation of the endothelin-receptor B gene in Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease". Human Molecular Genetics. 4 (12): 2407–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.12.2407. PMID8634719.
Kusafuka T, Wang Y, Puri P (Mar 1996). "Novel mutations of the endothelin-B receptor gene in isolated patients with Hirschsprung's disease". Human Molecular Genetics. 5 (3): 347–9. doi:10.1093/hmg/5.3.347. PMID8852658.
