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Kinyoun stain

The Kinyoun method or Kinyoun stain (cold method), developed by Joseph J. Kinyoun, is a procedure used to stain acid-fast species of the bacterial genus Mycobacterium.[1] It is a variation of a method developed by Robert Koch in 1882. Certain species of bacteria have a waxy lipid called mycolic acid, in their cell walls which allow them to be stained with Acid-Fast better than a Gram-Stain. The unique ability of mycobacteria to resist decolorization by acid-alcohol is why they are termed acid-fast.[2] It involves the application of a primary stain (basic fuchsin), a decolorizer (acid-alcohol), and a counterstain (methylene blue).[3] Unlike the Ziehl–Neelsen stain (Z-N stain), the Kinyoun method of staining does not require heating.[4][5] In the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, heat acts as a physical mordant while phenol (carbol of carbol fuchsin) acts as the chemical mordant.

Summary of acid-fast stain (Kinyoun stain)
Application of Reagent Cell colour
Acid fast Non-acid fast
Primary dye Carbol fuchsin Red Red
Decolorizer Acid alcohol Red Colorless
Counter Stain Methylene blue Red Blue
Photomicrograph of pink, innumerate small organisms unevenly distributed
Kinyoun stain on organism Mycobacterium smegmatis

Modification

The Kinyoun method can be modified as a weak acid fast stain, which uses 0.5–1.0% sulfuric acid instead of hydrochloric acid. The weak acid fast stain, in addition to staining Mycobacteria, will also stain organisms that are not able to maintain the carbol fuchsin after decolorizing with HCl, such as Nocardia species and Cryptosporidium.

See also

References

  1. ^ Brooks, G. F.; Butel, Janet S.; Morse, Stephen A. (2004). Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's medical microbiology (23rd ed.). New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. p. 182. ISBN 9780071412070.
  2. ^ Dalynn Biologicals (October 2014). "KINYOUN CARBOL FUCHSIN STAIN" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-14. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
  3. ^ Hussey, Marise A.; Zayaitz, Anne (2008-09-08). "Acid-Fast Stain Protocols". Microbe Library. American Society for Microbiology. Archived from the original on 2011-10-01.
  4. ^ Murray, Patrick R., ed. (1999). Manual of clinical microbiology (7th ed.). Washington, D.C: American Society for Microbiology. ISBN 978-1-55581-126-6.
  5. ^ Baron, Ellen Jo; Bailey, W. Robert; Finegold, Sydney M. (1990). Bailey and Scott's diagnostic microbiology (8th ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-8016-0344-0.


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