VM-416 — The Yelva-class diving support vessel was scuttled next to Ochakov on 7 March.[3]
Ukrainian Navy
At least 100 Ukrainian Navy vessels were captured by Russian forces during the capture of Southern Naval Base, Sevastopol Bay, and Striletska Bay;[4] 35 of the ships were returned by the end of June 2014.[5][6] According to one estimate, 75% of the Ukrainian naval fleet was captured in 2014.[7]
Numerous Ukrainian Sea Guard vessels were captured by Russian forces during the capture of Southern Naval Base, Sevastopol Bay, and Striletska Bay.[9][10]
Civilian vessels
Numerous civilian vessels owned by the Ukrainian state were expropriated by Russia during the annexation of Crimea.[11][12]
Kalkan-class patrol cutter — The boat was damaged by DPR forces near Mariupol on 31 August 2014.[14]
BG-22 — On 7 June 2015, the UMS-1000-class [ru] patrol cutter exploded and then sank in Mariupol while leaving its anchorage.[15][16] On 26 May 2017, the boat was put back into service after being raised and repaired.[17][18]
2018 Kerch Strait incident
Berdiansk, after its capture by Russian forces, with a hole in the pilothouse
Russian Navy
Izumrud — The patrol boat was damaged during the Kerch Strait incident of 25 November 2018 after colliding with the Russian tug Don.[19]
One unidentified Russian vessel was damaged the same day while ramming the Ukrainian tugboat Yany Kapu.[20][21][22]
Ukrainian Navy
P175 Berdiansk and P176 Nikopol — The two Gyurza-M-class artillery boats were damaged and captured by Russian ships on 25 November 2018.[23][24] The ships were returned to Ukraine on 18 November 2019.[25]
A947 Yany Kapu — The Prometey-class tugboat was damaged and captured by Russia on 25 November 2018. It was returned to Ukraine on 18 November 2019.[24][25]
Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)
Russian Navy
Five Raptor-class patrol boats — On 22 March 2022, a video appeared of a Raptor-class patrol boat being hit and damaged by an anti-tank guided missile. According to Russian sources, it had to be towed away afterwards.[26] In May 2022, Ukrainian forces using Bayraktar TB2 drones attacked four Raptor-class boats (in addition to one BK-16 high-speed boat, mentioned below) near Snake Island. On 2 May 2022, two Raptor-classpatrol boats were sunk by a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 off Snake Island in the Black Sea.[27] The extent of the damage was not initially known,[28][29][30] but it emerged that three boats were destroyed,[31] while one of the Raptor boats withstood the damage and was filmed in Sevastopol, where it had been taken for repairs.[32]
Saratov — On 24 March 2022, a Russian Navy Alligator-class landing ship that was docked in Berdiansk, Ukraine, caught fire. The Ukrainian military claimed that they had hit it, that it was destroyed and that it was the Orsk.[33] Later, the General Staff of the Ukrainian Armed Forces claimed that Saratov had been destroyed.[34] Two other Russian ships, the Tsezar Kunikov, and the Novocherkassk, that were docked nearby sailed away, with fire and smoke billowing out of one.[35][36][37] On 2 July 2022, Russian official said the Saratov had been scuttled in March by its own crew in order "to prevent detonation of the on-board munitions by the fire that had started" due to a Tochka-U ballistic missile that had hit the port. The Saratov was subsequently salvaged and was to be towed to Kerch, Crimea.[38]
BK-16 high-speed assault boat — In the first week of May 2022, a video appeared of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 drone hitting and sinking a high-speed assault boat near Snake Island.[31] The wreck was later recovered.[40]
Serna-class landing craft — On 7 May 2022, a video appeared of a Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2 drone hitting and sinking a landing craft on Snake Island.[41][42]
Vasily Bekh — On 17 June 2022, Ukraine claimed to have sunk the rescue tug (Russian: Спасатель, "Spasatel") Vasily Bekh with two Harpoon missiles, causing it to sink shortly thereafter.[45] On 21 June, British military intelligence confirmed the attack, stating that the vessel sunk was almost certainly Vasily Bekh.[46]
Natya-class minesweeper Ivan Golubets [pl] — On 29 October 2022, Ukrainian forces used an Unmanned Aerial and Submarine Vehicle to strike Russian forces in Sevastopol, Crimea. According to Russia, Ukrainian UAVs slightly damaged the Natya-class minesweeper.[47]
On 29 October 2022, Admiral Makarov suffered damage during an attack on Sevastopol by several air and sea drones, with at least one sea drone striking the ship, reportedly disabling its radar.[48][49][50][51]Naval News subsequently reported that little damage had been inflicted on either of the two warships (Ivan Golubets, Admiral Makarov) that were hit by the sea drones.[52] On 15 August 2023, Admiral Makarov returned to active duty.[53]
Yury Ivanov-class intelligence shipIvan Khurs was possibly damaged by one of three Ukrainian sea drones on 24 May 2023. On 23 March 2024, a missile strike on the port of Sevastopol reportedly damaged the ship again; satellite imagery taken after the attack seemingly confirmed the damage.[54][55][56][57][58]
Rostov-on-Don and Minsk — On 13 September 2023, this submarine and landing ship, respectively, were attacked by Ukrainian Su-24 bombers armed with Storm Shadow missiles, visibly destroying the Minsk landing ship following a nighttime raid on Sevastopol. Rostov-on-Don, the Kilo-class submarine, was damaged beyond economic repair, according to a military analyst.[60] However, the Russian government stated they would repair both ships and return them to full operational status.[61]
A Russian Project KS-701 Tunets-class patrol boat was sunk on 13 September 2023 in the Black Sea in a Ukrainian attack.[62]
Sergey Kotov – A project 22160 patrol ship was reported commissioned in May 2022[63][64][65] and was reported to be damaged by a Ukrainian naval drone attack on 14 September 2023.[66] On 5 March 2024, the Sergey Kotov was again attacked by Ukrainian forces, this time using MAGURA V5 unmanned surface vehicles while the ship was off the coast of Crimea near the Kerch Strait.[67] Ukrainian military spokesmen announced that the ship took damage to the stern and later sank.[68][69]
Novocherkassk, a major Russian landing ship, was struck 26 December 2023 while docked in Feodosia, southern Crimea, by air-launched cruise missiles, according to Ukraine's Air Force. The strike was reportedly confirmed by Russian authorities and by Russian media. Ukraine said that it was destroyed and unlikely to return to service.[72][73][74][75] Video supplied by various sources, including Ukrainian authorities and Russian reports on Telegram, showed massive and multiple explosions and fires, with indications that munitions aboard the ship had been detonated by the attack (Ukraine said the ship had been used to launch cruise missiles against Ukrainian cities). Russian authorities conceded that one person had been killed, and other sources indicated more, though no official confirmation of the ship's loss was immediately made. Independent analysts said that the strike substantially impeded Russia's ability to further attack and invade Ukraine's Black Sea coast.[72][73][74] Reported casualties of 74 crew killed and 27 wounded. Wreck apparently removed in late January/early February 2024.[76][77][78]Novocherkassk was also damaged at Berdiansk on 24 March 2022.[79][80]
Mangust-class patrol boat — On 6 May 2024, Ukraine used MAGURA V5 sea drones to attack a Russian patrol boat in Crimea. Footage was released appearing to show the drone detonating next to a small boat appearing to resemble a Mangust-class vessel.[89]
Saturn – On 6 June 2024, Ukrainian naval drones sank the Russian tugboat Saturn.[90][91][92]
Ukrainian Navy
A206 Vinnytsia – In June 2022, footage emerged showing the Grisha II-class ship sunk at moorings, after a Russian attack on 24 February 2022.[93][94] The ship had previously been converted to an auxiliary ship in 2018 and decommissioned in 2021.
Eight unidentified vessels were claimed, on 26 February 2022, as destroyed by Russian forces.[95]
Five Gyurza-M-class gunboats — P174 Akkerman and P179 Vyshhorod were captured by Russian forces during the fall of Berdiansk.[102][103][104] P177 Kremenchuk was captured by Russian forces during the Siege of Mariupol.[104][105] P178 Lubny was declared missing by Ukraine;[106] the ship was sunk and then raised by Russia during the Siege of Mariupol.[107][108][109] On 4 November 2022, one Gyurza-M class boat from the Ukrainian Navy was damaged by a Russian ZALA Lancet loitering munition near Ochakiv.[110][111]
A500 Donbas — On 6 April 2022, satellite images showed the command ship being engulfed in heavy smoke in the port of Mariupol; the Ukrainian Defence Ministry confirmed that the ship was destroyed during the Siege of Mariupol.[113][104]
Dmitry Chubar — The Rubin-class hydrographic boat was most likely captured or destroyed between the beginning of the invasion on 24 February 2022 and 20 May 2022; in 2021, it had been reported as deployed in Berdyansk.[114] In May 2022, satellite imagery of a Rubin-class boat captured by Russia in Mariupol emerged.[citation needed] Later in 2022, its capture was confirmed due to a change in the ship's registration. As of 2023, it is operated by the Russian port authorities in occupied Mariupol.[115]
16 to 24 attack/reconnaissance USVs — Head no. 45V2NS1 was captured and subsequently destroyed by Russia in September 2022.[118] In an attack on 29 October 2022, Russia claimed that Ukraine used seven USVs;[119] independent analysis indicated the use of six to eight vessels, among which at least two were destroyed by Russia and at least three detonated when they hit Russian vessels.[120] One USV was reported to have detonated in an attack on the Sheskharis oil terminal[121] in Novorossiysk on 17 November 2022.[122] Three USVs were reported to have been destroyed by Russia in an attack on the Sevastopol naval base on 22 March 2023.[123] Two USVs were reported to have been destroyed in an attack on the Sevastopol naval base on 24 April 2023.[124] In an attack on the Russian Navy intelligence ship Ivan Khurs, of which footage was first released on 24 May 2023, Russia claimed that three USVs were destroyed. Footage indicated that one was destroyed by Ivan Khurs, and one detonated upon colliding with the ship.[125] In an attack on the Russian Navy intelligence ship Priazovye, of which footage was released on 11 June 2023, Russia claimed six were destroyed and showed evidence of the destruction of Kit ta Yenot.[126]
PO-2-class small patrol gunboat — On 17 April 2023, footage released by Russia showed the destruction of a PO-2-class gunboat by a Russian ZALA Lancet strike.[31][127]
Centaur LK — On 26 June 2023, a Centaur LK fast assault craft was damaged at port by a Russian attack.[128]
Ukrainian Sea Guard
Four Zhuk-class patrol boats – BG-118 Arabat and one unidentified boat were captured at Berdyansk.[31] BG-108 KaMO-517 and one unidentified boat were destroyed, and their wrecks subsequently captured, during the Siege of Mariupol.[129]
Six Kalkan-class patrol cutters – BG-308, BG-310, and BG-311 were captured at Berdyansk.[130] BG-304, which was awaiting repair prior to capture, BG-309, and one unidentified boat were captured during the Siege of Mariupol.[131]
BG-732 – The Adamant 315-class motor yacht was captured at Berdyansk.[133]
BG-32 Donbas – The Stenka-class patrol boat was sunk during the Siege of Mariupol.[134] In June 2022, it was reported that Russian forces raised the ship and sent it to Novosibirsk for repairs.[135]
BG-59 Onyx – This border support ship converted from a fishing vessel in 2000 was most likely captured or destroyed between the beginning of the invasion and 20 May 2022; as of 2020,[137] it had been reported as deployed in Mariupol.[138]
Russian ships claimed to have been lost or damaged – later rebutted
Vasily Bykov - On 7 March 2022, it was reported that the Russian patrol ship Vasily Bykov may have been damaged by Ukrainian shore-based multiple-launch rocket fire.[139] However, the ship was subsequently reported as having entered Sevastopol on 16 March 2022 with no obvious damage.[140][141] On 14 September 2023, Ukrainian forces claimed that they had damaged Vasily Bykov.[142]
Vsevolod Bobrov, a project 23120 logistics support vessel,[151][152] was claimed to have suffered major fire damage during the night of 11–12 May 2022 after an alleged Ukrainian attack.[153][154] The ship returned unharmed to Sevastopol on 15 May 2022.[citation needed] It had arrived in the Black Sea in January 2022.[155]
Azov and Yamal – On 24 March 2024, the Ukrainian general staff claimed that the Russian landing ship Azov and its sister ship Yamal were hit by cruise missiles and seriously damaged.[156] Satellite images did not reveal any damage, showing that the missile had hit the pier next to the ships, presumably diverted by the electronic warfare systems of the ships.[157][158] Ukrainian sources claimed that Yamal had been critically damaged in the attack despite satellite images not showing any damage.[159][160]
Kommuna – On 21 April 2024, Ukrainian sources claimed that the Ukrainian Navy had struck Kommuna with an R-360 Neptune missile while it was docked at the Port of Sevastopol.[161] The governor of Sevastopol reported that an anti-ship missile had been repelled in Sevastopol and that "fragments caused a small fire, which was quickly extinguished".[162] Subsequent satellite images did not reveal any damage.[163]
On 9 September 2022, the engine of the Romanian Navy minesweeper Lieutenant Dimitrie Nicolescu was damaged by the explosion at the waterline of a floating sea mine, 40 km off Constanța. There were no casualties.[167][168]
Civilian vessels
SGV-Flot — The ore-bulk-oil carrier, owned by the Samarashipping and heading from Batumi to Yeysk, was struck by a missile fired by Ukrainian forces in the Sea of Azov off Dolzhanskaya, Russia, at around 11:00 a.m. on 24 February 2022 and was moderately damaged, according to the Russian border guard service at Krasnodar. They claimed that two crew were injured, one of them seriously.[169]
Seraphim Sarovskiy — The general cargo ship, owned by Rechmortrans and following a route from Turkey to Azov, was struck by a missile fired by Ukrainian forces in the Sea of Azov off Dolzhanskaya at around 11:00 a.m. on 24 February 2022 and was moderately damaged, according to the Russian border guard service at Krasnodar.[170]
Yasa Jupiter — The bulk carrier, owned by Ya-Sa Holding of Turkey, was struck by a missile fired by Russian forces in the Black Sea off Odesa, Ukraine, on 24 February 2022 and was damaged. It was on a voyage from the Dniepr to Constanța, Romania.[171][172]
Millennial Spirit — The chemical tanker was shelled in the Black Sea off the coast of Ukraine on 25 February 2022. Its crew of ten were rescued,[173] and the ship caught fire and was sunk.
Namura Queen — The cargo ship was struck in the Black Sea off the coast of Ukraine by a missile fired by Russian forces on 25 February 2022.[174] There were no casualties reported and ship remained afloat.[175]
Sapphire – On 26 February 2022, the civilian rescue ship was captured by Russian forces after trying to rescue Ukrainian sailors at Snake Island.[176] On 25 March, the crew was returned as part of a prisoner exchange.[177] On 8 April, Russia returned the ship to Ukrainian authorities.[176]
Afina – On 26 February 2022, the bulk carrier was captured by Russian forces near Snake Island en route to Constanța, Romania. It was later released.[177][178]
Princess Nikol – On 26 February 2022, the bulk carrier was captured by Russian forces near Snake Island en route to Constanța.[177][178]
Helt — The cargo ship, owned by the Tallinn-based Vista Shipping Agency, sank off the coast of Ukraine on 2 March 2022, likely after striking a mine.[183] The Panama Maritime Authority later reported that the ship had been sunk by a Russian missile.[175] Four crew members were initially reported as missing and were later found.[184] The ship was also reported to have been captured by the Russian Navy and used as a shield against Ukrainian shelling.[185]
Lord Nelson — The Panama Maritime Authority reported that Russian missiles had damaged the Panamanian-flagged ship, which remained afloat with no casualties reported.[175]
Azburg — The cargo ship was shelled and sunk on 4 April 2022 during the Battle of Mariupol, after being damaged the day before by two Russian missiles. One crew member was injured.[187]
Kapitan Belousov — According to the Ukrainian military, the Mariupol Port Authority–owned icebreaker was shelled during the Siege of Mariupol, overnight between 7 and 8 April 2022. One crew member was killed and several injured.[188][189]
Apache — According to Russian Ministry of Defence spokesman Igor Konashenkov, the bulk carrier, belonging to Turkey-based Misha Shipping, was fired upon by a patrol vessel of the Black Sea Fleet while in the Sea of Azov on 8 April. The bombardment started a fire in the stern, which was extinguished by its crew. Konashenkov called the vessel a "Ukrainian cargo ship" and claimed that it had diverted from a convoy in an attempt to evacuate leaders of the Azov Battalion and mercenaries from Mariupol. Konashenkov reported no injuries, and that the vessel along with its crew were being escorted to Yeysk.[190]
Smarta — Ukrainian reports claimed that the bulk carrier, docked at Mariupol, was shelled on 11 April 2022 and boarded by Russian forces. Verkhovna Rada Human Rights OmbudsmanLyudmyla Denisova claimed that the crew member was taken "in an unknown direction".[177][191]
Ten unidentified vessels — The State Border Guard Service of Ukraine stated on 13 April 2022 that eight Russian cargo ships and two tankers, originally docked in Odesa for maintenance, were seized to "serve in the interests of Ukraine to restore its economy".[192]
Petr Godovanets or Ukraine – On 20 June 2022 one or the other of the Russian oil field jackup rigs was destroyed by a Ukrainian missile in the Black Sea. The other, plus Tavrida (Russia), was damaged.[193][194]
Sig – The chemical tanker was damaged near Kerch Strait on 5 August 2023.[195]
Tuzla – On 24 January 2023, the cargo ship was severely damaged by Russian shelling while in port at Kherson.[196]
Ali Najafov – The oil tanker was damaged by a sea mine near the coast of Romania on 16 October 2023. Minor damage and no injuries were reported.[197]
Kmax Ruler – On 8 November 2023, an empty bulk carrier was damaged when hit by an airborne-launched Russian anti-radar missile Kh-31P, killing the port pilot and injuring crew members, whilst the ship was entering the Port of Pivdennyi near Odesa.[198][199]
Vyssos – On 27 December 2023, the freighter struck a naval mine off Bystre at the entrance to the Danube Delta. The ship was grounded to prevent sinking. One crewman was injured.[200]
^"How many Raptors sank the Bayraktars in the first week of May?Video analysis of the Armed Forces". Mil.in.ua. 8 March 2022. However, it is not known for sure how much damage was done to each of the downed boats, whether they sank and what is the fate of the crew. It is possible that Russia may try to restore the boats. But this will require a search and rescue operation in an area threatened by new strikes by Ukrainian Bayraktar TB2.(Translation)
^ ab"Russia shows off captured navy boats". BBC. 14 March 2022. Russian state TV has shown what it says are Ukrainian navy boats being disarmed in the captured port of Berdyansk. The fast patrol boats Akkerman and Vyshhorod were abandoned along with a tug called Korets, the defence ministry channel Zvezda reported. Russian forces captured Berdyansk two weeks ago, on the Sea of Azov. It lies between Crimea and the besieged Ukrainian city of Mariupol.
