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A pulsed field gradient is a short, timed pulse with spatial-dependent field intensity. Any gradient is identified by four characteristics: axis, strength, shape and duration.

Pulsed field gradient (PFG) techniques are key to magnetic resonance imaging, spatially selective spectroscopy and studies of diffusion via diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY).^[1][2] PFG techniques are widely used as an alternative to phase cycling in modern NMR spectroscopy.

The effect of a uniform magnetic field gradient in the z-direction on spin I, is considered to be a rotation around z-axis by an angle = γ_IGz; where Gz is the gradient magnitude (along the z-direction) and γ_I is the gyromagnetic ratio of spin I. It introduces a phase factor to the magnetizations:

Φ (z,τ) = (γ_I)(Gz)(τ)

The time duration τ is in the order of milliseconds.

• Gradient enhanced NMR spectroscopy

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