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Shindō Munen-ryū
Shindō Munen-ryū or Shintō Munen-ryū (神道無念流) is a Japanese koryū martial art school founded by Fukui Hyōemon Yoshihira (福井兵右衛門嘉平) in the early 18th century. The style rapidly gained popularity throughout Japan due to the efforts of Togasaki Kumataro, Okada Junmatsu, Saito Yakuro, and his sons Shintaro and Kannosuke.[citation needed] HistoryThe Feudal Era of JapanFukui Hyōemon (1700–1782) was born in Shimano no Kuni (now Tochigi Prefecture) and learned Shin Shinkage Ichiden Ryu under Nonaka Gonnai received Menkyo Kaiden at a relatively young age.[citation needed] Hyōemon, unsatisfied, traveled Japan taking part in shinken shobu (death matches) and honing his skills. He became so reputed that he was listed on Imperial and Tokugawa Bakufu records as one of the best swordsmen of his time. Hyoemon continued to travel through Japan until he encountered a small shrine in the Inazuma Mountains. There he found the Izuna-Gongen Shrine where he meditated and trained in isolation for 50 days. On the 50th night he achieved enlightenment. The resulting enlightenment was organized into a rather large syllabus of techniques later codified as "Shindō Munen-ryū".[citation needed] Hyōemon thereafter traveled to Edo (present day Tokyo) where he opened a dojo in Yotsuya. There he trained a small number of dedicated students until his retirement. Hyōemon then passed the ryu onto his successor Togasaki Kumataro (2nd Generation). His grave can be found in present-day Saitama not too far from his protege's (Togasaki Kumataro).[citation needed] The fourth successor of Shindō Munen-ryū, Saitō Yakuro Yoshimichi (斎藤弥九郎), established the dojo called Renpeikan (練兵館) in Edo. Shindō Munen-ryū reached the pinnacle of its popularity towards the end of the Edo period (1603–1868). In this politically unstable time, Shindō Munen-ryū swordsmen participated in both the political and physical battles that came to define the Bakumatsu (1853–1868). It was not uncommon for Shindō Munen-ryū swordsmen of different or even the same dojo to engage each other in combat. Politically active members like Katsura Kogoro and Ito Hirobumi later took active leadership roles in the Meiji Government.[citation needed] Today the Kanto ha Shindō Munen-ryū is one of the remaining branch of Shindō Munen-ryū. Negishi Shingorō (根岸信五郎) was the last headmaster who teaches Shindō Munen-ryū in the edo period. Shingorō received the licence Menkyo Kaiden in Edo Den from Saitō Shintaro. Shingoro, however felt the loss of idealism and passion that surrounded him during the closing days of the Tokugawa Bakufu. He acknowledged this fact by closing the Renpeikan's doors (officially ending the Edo Line) and opening the Yushinkan (有信館道場) Dojo and founding the Kanto Ha.[citation needed] Prior to the fall of the Tokugawa Bakufu there were many Shindō Munen-ryū branches all over Japan. These branches operated independently of one another and prospered.[citation needed] The Modern Era of Japan (1868–)The dawn of the Meiji in 1868, however brought many new hardships with it and most of the branches Shindō Munen-ryū were forced to close their doors due to lack of patronage and the Meiji Sword Ban. Most surviving branches opened their doors again after the Meiji Sword Ban was lifted. Most, however lost the majority (if not all) of their kata as a result. In present-day branches like Choshu Han Den, Hachinohe Han Den, and Saitō Ha only practice a small portion of the Iaijutsu curriculum. Most of these Iaijutsu kata were reconstructed from written descriptions, and so may not be true to the original forms.[citation needed] The style itself survived the Meiji period (1868–1912) completely intact however, largely due to the efforts of Negishi Shingorō (Edo Den 6th Generation/Creator of Kanto ha) who taught swordsmanship to the Tokyo Police Force. Shingorō's successor Nakayama Hakudō continued to preserve Shindō Munen-ryū throughout the Taisho (1912–1926) and Showa Periods (1926–1989) by producing some of the notable swordsmen in modern history. Examples are Nakayama Zendo, Hashimoto Toyo, Kiyoshi Nakakura, Haga Junichi, and Nakashima Gorozo.[citation needed] The Nihon Kobudō Kyokai and Shinkyokai have recognized Kanto ha of Shindō Munen-ryū as the branch that preserves most of Shindō Munen-ryū (Kenjutsu, Iaijutsu, and other practices). The current headmaster of this branch is Ogawa Takeshi (10th Generation).[citation needed] Shindō Munen-ryū as taught by Iaido SanshinkaiThe Sanshinkai organization teaches a style of Iaijustu also called Shindō Munen-ryū. The style was propagated by Mitsuzuka Takeshi, a student of Nakayama Hakudo's school, from a makimono that described a set of tachiwaza (standing) kata for intermediate students to the Sanshinkai curriculum. It is often taught alongside Musō Shinden-ryū, but outside of Musō Shinden-ryū's core curriculum. The styles of Shindō Munen-ryū practice in the Sanshinkai and that of Japan's extent groups are not directly related, though the noto (placing the blade back into the scabbard) is similar. Edo Den/Kanto Ha lineage chartFollowing lineage chart is recognized by Nihon Kobudo Kyokai and Shinkyokai. 1. Fukui Hyōemon Yoshihira (1700–1782): Ryuso. 2. Togasaki Kumataro Teruyoshi: Edo Den. 3. Okada Junmatsu Yoshitoshi (岡田十松): Edo Den; Okada established Gekikenkan(撃剣館) Dojo. 4. Saitō Yakuro Yoshimichi: Edo Den; Established the Renpeikan Dojo in Edo. 5. Saitō Shintaro: Edo Den. 6. Negishi Shingorō (1844–1913): Edo Den; Open the Yushinkan (有信館道場) Dojo. 7. Nakayama Hakudō (1872–1958): Kanto Ha. 8. Nakayama Zendo/Yoshimichi (Nakayama Hakudō's son): Kanto Ha. 9. Saeki Soichiro: Kanto Ha; Saeki trained over 10 years with Nakayama Hakudō, only to receive the Menkyo no Maki and Menkyo-Jo from Nakayama Zendo prior to his death. 10. Ogawa Takeshi: Kanto Ha. Branches from the Feudal Era of JapanExamples of branches that were affected:
Iaijutsu Kata1. Iwaname 2. Ukifune Gaeshi 3. Norashi Gaeshi 4. Utsuseme 5. Matsukaze 6. Zangetsu Hidari 7. Zangetsu Migi 8. Doto Gaeshi 9. Raito Gaeshi 10. Yoto 11. Yinto 12. Inazuma Gaeshi Notable Swordsmen in relation to Shindō Munen-ryū
ReferencesLinks Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shindō Munen-ryū. |
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