Extinct Chontal language
Tequistlatec was the Chontal language of Tequisistlán town, Oaxaca. Highland Oaxaca Chontal is sometimes also called Tequistlatec, but is a distinct language.
Vocabulary
Word list derived from de Angulo and Freeland (1925):[1]
gloss |
Chontal of Tequixistlan |
notes
|
sky |
maa |
|
sun |
fonar |
|
sunlight; hot; light, firelight |
nyu |
|
day |
kina |
|
morning (dawn) |
pukia |
(? < pu "to go out" + kine "day")
|
night |
pugi |
|
last night |
timba |
|
tomorrow |
moggi |
(cf. pugi "night")
|
late, late in the day, evening |
mui |
(cf. tomorrow)
|
to be late in the day |
ka |
|
moon; month |
mura |
|
star |
lusero (Sp.) |
|
fire |
ngwa |
|
ashes |
pigg |
(cf. stone)
|
charred wood, coal, charcoal |
çna’ |
|
cold |
sita |
|
to burn |
nas, pi’ |
|
to boil |
mb’ula |
|
to dry |
hur |
|
earth, soil, land, ground |
mas, mats |
|
mountain |
mala |
|
stone |
pih |
|
salt |
weh |
|
sand |
puçi |
|
ravine |
nya |
|
water |
xa |
|
river |
pana’ m’am |
|
to bathe |
pos |
|
sea |
maxa |
(cf. water, river)
|
air |
ba |
|
to last, pass |
xika |
|
week |
çamana (Sp.) |
|
(Perfect) |
-pa, -ba |
|
(Continuative) |
-ngu (sg.), -mi (pl.) |
|
(Present Future) |
-ma (sg.), -me (pl.) |
|
(Imperative) |
-ra (sg.), -re (pl.) |
|
(temporal suffix of obscure meaning) |
-li |
|
(Andative) |
-kiç |
|
(Causative) |
-mu |
|
(Impending Future) |
-ga (sg.), -ri |
|
high, long |
tçogi |
|
low, short |
koki |
|
big |
be |
|
little |
taç, tçofi, tyof |
|
out, outside, outdoors |
nia |
|
after |
hoy, toy |
(also used as "in order to", "with")
|
one |
nula, nuli |
|
two |
kwesi |
|
three |
fane |
|
four |
malbu |
|
five |
mage |
|
six |
kandjiç |
|
seven |
kote |
|
eight |
malfa |
|
nine |
pela |
|
ten |
mbama |
|
eleven |
10 + 1 |
|
twelve |
10 + 2 |
|
fifteen |
10 + 5 |
|
twenty |
nuçans |
(? < nuli çans "one person")
|
thirty |
20 + 10 |
|
thirty-five |
20 + 10 + 5 |
|
forty |
2 X 20 |
|
fifty |
2 X 20 + 10 |
|
fifty-five |
2 X 20 + 10 + 5 |
|
sixty |
3 X 20 |
|
eighty |
4 X 20 |
|
hundred |
masno |
|
two hundred |
2 X 100 |
|
four hundred |
4 X 100 |
|
yes |
akya, oy |
|
not |
tçi, tçite |
|
so, positive |
oy, ony |
|
much |
yeste, yate |
|
like, as |
tor |
|
with |
ki or k + ... (fusion) |
|
if |
or |
|
deer |
mar |
now used for cattle (at present benadu < Sp.)
|
horse |
kabayu (Sp.) |
|
jaguar |
vesma, tigre (Sp.) |
|
dog |
tsigi |
|
sheep |
siggo |
|
goat |
tçibo (Sp.) |
|
hog |
kutçi (Sp.) |
|
squirrel |
tsetse |
|
rabbit |
koneçu (Sp.) |
|
chicken |
giti, puyu (Sp.) |
probably originally the word for turkey
|
egg |
piyi |
|
parrot |
genge, utçu |
|
crow |
bo’, pumli |
|
snake |
nvofar |
|
lizard |
moh |
|
turtle |
çiba |
|
fish |
tu’u |
|
shrimp |
tiçmu |
|
bee |
diçir |
|
wax |
pasi |
|
honey |
kofa |
|
fly |
hangwa |
|
scorpion |
nyayçpo |
|
tree, wood, plant |
eh |
|
grass |
pasto (Sp.), ça (doubtful) |
|
leaf |
pela |
|
pine-nut |
weka |
|
gourd, squash |
aba |
|
cactus, nopal |
pala |
|
chile, pepper |
kasi |
|
sugar cane |
pah |
|
plátano, banana |
owe, labe |
|
tomato |
ngone |
|
corn, maize |
kosa’ |
|
bean |
r’ane |
|
flower |
pipi |
|
person |
sans (sg.), sanu (pl.) |
|
man, adult |
kwe (sg.), gurbe (pl.) |
|
old man; old |
kano |
|
young man, boy, youth; young |
muli |
|
woman |
tee (sg.), deya (pl.) |
|
old woman |
kyopaya |
(see "adult")
|
girl |
bata |
|
child (either sex), daughter, son |
’wa (sg.), naske (pl.) |
|
baby, infant (either sex) |
çer |
|
husband |
pewe |
(pi semi-possessive + kwe man)
|
wife |
pete |
(pi semi-possessive + tee woman)
|
paramour |
kye |
|
to marry |
man, pan, panu |
|
grandfather |
kube |
(cf. "man")
|
father |
’ai’, ’yayi’ |
|
mother |
mama |
|
elder brother; uncle |
sapi (sg.), sarpi (pl.) |
|
younger brother; younger sister |
bepo |
|
older sister; aunt |
nota |
|
I |
ya |
|
thou |
ma |
|
he |
gge |
|
we |
yã |
|
ye |
mã |
|
they |
re |
|
it |
i (sg.), n (pl.) |
an indefinite demonstrative pronoun equivalent to "he", "the", "that", etc.
|
the |
al, dal, gal, la |
|
thine |
ak |
|
indefinite possessive article |
pi |
|
what? |
kya |
|
pretty |
tçili |
|
grown up, adult |
tyopa |
(see "old woman")
|
stranger |
gwaya |
|
Chontal |
fale |
|
Zapotec |
nye |
|
Yalalag |
xoço |
|
Tehuantepec |
uçia |
|
Oaxaca |
pampala |
|
Tequixistlan |
al riya |
i.e., "the village"
|
head |
fa |
|
neck |
nukma |
|
face |
’a |
(cf. "head")
|
eye |
’uh |
|
to see, look |
mai, sin, çin |
|
mouth |
ko |
|
tooth |
ai’ |
|
to eat |
te, tes |
|
to drink |
sna, çna |
|
to swallow |
n’u’, n’uk |
|
to feed a drink |
k’ai |
|
to taste good |
xana |
|
sweet |
çuçki, tçutski |
|
bitter |
kwah |
|
poison |
çi |
|
tongue |
pala |
|
word, language |
taygi |
|
to speak, tell, say |
go |
|
to ask |
n’uma |
|
to sing |
ça |
|
to cry |
poh, hoh |
|
to call |
hoy |
|
nose |
’nali |
|
shoulder |
çaye |
|
to have, hold, get |
oy, tuç, tçu |
(cf. "yes, good, positive")
|
to lift |
bana |
|
to give |
kay |
|
to sell |
ku’ |
|
to buy |
n’a |
|
to steal |
nans |
|
to work, make, do |
pa, pas, pat |
|
to work |
patçu |
("make-have")
|
to throw |
ohm |
|
to hit |
na |
|
to put, place |
ponf |
|
knee |
nyingole |
|
thigh |
pate (Sp.) |
|
to go |
’wa (sg.), lye (pl.) |
|
let’s go |
endza |
|
to come |
pa |
|
to run |
nu, nyu |
|
to jump |
tsolu |
|
to meet together |
kyo, to, tyo |
|
to visit |
nulka |
|
to walk |
tas |
|
to go with, to accompany |
lek, legg |
|
way, road |
ne |
|
to go out, to pass |
pu |
|
to pass by |
kas, ka |
|
to leave, abandon |
gansa |
|
to ascend, go up |
fha |
|
to bring |
’u |
|
to take out |
kan |
|
to send |
gah’m |
(cf. "to go")
|
to carry |
’wa |
(same as "go")
|
to stand |
kas |
|
to stop |
’ay |
|
to sit |
pah, pan |
|
to fall |
kye |
imperative: ter
|
hair |
fah |
(see "head")
|
flesh, meat |
ci’ |
|
hide (of animals) |
çimi |
(cf. "meat")
|
leather |
baketa (Sp.) |
|
nail |
nalu |
|
breast |
pare |
|
milk |
letçe (Sp.) |
|
belly |
kun |
|
back |
napo |
|
heart |
nusma, nuçma |
|
liver |
bi |
|
kidney |
rinyon (Sp.) |
|
blood |
fas |
|
to be, exist (essentially) |
pa |
|
to live, to exist |
laç |
|
alive |
çax |
|
to die |
ma |
|
to bury |
muya |
|
to sleep |
çma, sma |
|
to awake |
çmafa |
|
to wish, will, want |
he |
|
to love |
fu |
|
to know |
çina |
|
to hurt |
kwan |
|
to play, to amuse oneself to go visiting (cf. Sp. pasear) |
sans |
(cf. "people" sans)
|
thought |
fa |
|
to think |
fasmu |
(thought + Causative)
|
to cut |
ke |
|
knife |
nabaxa, kutçilu (Sp.) |
|
to kill |
man |
(cf. ma "die")
|
to frighten |
çpatsa |
|
hay |
sakate (Sp.) |
|
field |
nyagga |
(< nya "outdoors")
|
to sow |
fa |
|
brown sugar, panela |
pana (Sp.) |
|
clothes |
tçale, manta (Sp.) |
|
hat |
speba |
|
guepil (woman’s blouse) |
perkasko |
|
petticoat |
bofai |
|
trousers |
sarber |
|
shoe |
kai’ |
|
to dress |
me |
|
house |
xur, hur |
|
village |
riya |
|
plaza |
naxki |
(< n’a "to buy")
|
door |
puerta (Sp.) |
|
table |
mes (Sp.) |
|
chair |
çila (Sp.) |
|
bench |
bangu (Sp.) |
|
bed |
kanga |
|
hammock |
some |
|
cushion |
tifle |
|
cage |
xaula (Sp.) |
|
metate |
djima |
|
tenate (woven basket) |
tapa |
|
petate (straw mat) |
pihma |
|
jicara (smalled bowl) |
laba |
|
cantaro (jug) |
xuti |
|
olla |
piçu |
|
apaxtle (cooking stone) |
pogo |
|
comal |
kwahi |
|
fork |
trintçe |
|
spoon |
kutçara (Sp.) |
|
plate |
pimi |
|
food, meal |
tefa, xaybe |
|
bread |
in |
|
sugar |
asukra (Sp.) |
|
tortilla |
skur |
|
chocolate |
txura |
|
money |
tomi |
|
to dance |
soy |
|
church |
soykye |
(cf. "to dance")
|
to pray |
sa, ça |
(cf. "to sing")
|
santo, idol, sacred, holy |
ndyuç, nuç |
|
music |
poh |
|
References
Information related to Tequistlatec language |