Ventral posterior nucleus

Ventral posterior nucleus
Ventral posterior nucleus
	Thalamic nuclei: ; MNG = Midline nuclear group; AN = Anterior nuclear group; MD = Medial dorsal nucleus; VNG = Ventral nuclear group; VA = Ventral anterior nucleus; VL = Ventral lateral nucleus; VPL = Ventral posterolateral nucleus; VPM = Ventral posteromedial nucleus; LNG = Lateral nuclear group; PUL = Pulvinar; MTh = Metathalamus; LG = Lateral geniculate nucleus; MG = Medial geniculate nucleus
	Thalamic nuclei
Details
Part of	Thalamus
Identifiers
Latin	Nucleus ventralis posterior
NeuroNames	343
NeuroLex ID	birnlex_1116
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The ventral posterior nucleus is the somatosensory relay nucleus in thalamus of the brain.^[1]

Input and output

The ventral posterior nucleus receives neuronal input from the medial lemniscus, spinothalamic tracts, and trigeminothalamic tract. It projects to the somatosensory cortex and the ascending reticuloactivation system.

Subdivisions

The ventral posterior nucleus is divided into:

Ventral posterolateral nucleus, which receives sensory information from the body via the medial lemniscus, and spinothalamic tracts.
Ventral posteromedial nucleus, which receives sensory information from the head and face via the trigeminal nerve.
Ventral intermediate nucleus, implicated in oscillatory tremor generation in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor.^[2]^[3]

Function

The ventral posterior nucleus has, by virtue of its afferent and efferent pathways, crucial relay and regulatory roles in touch, body position, pain, temperature, itch, taste, and arousal. Additionally, the VPN—and particularly the ventral intermediate nucleus of the VPN—have been implicated in the pathophysiology and modulation of oscillatory tremors as found in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor; accordingly, it is a target of deep brain stimulation in the treatment of such pathologies.^[4] The posterior subthalamic area is suggested to be a better target than the VIM.^[4]

Additional images

Thalamus
Left thalamus viewed from upper left posterior

References

^ Sheridan, Nicholas; Tadi, Prasanna (2023), "Neuroanatomy, Thalamic Nuclei", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31751098, retrieved 2023-09-17
^ Deiber, MP (1993). "Thalamic stimulation and suppression of parkinsonian tremor". Brain. 116 (1): 267–79. doi:10.1093/brain/116.1.267. PMID 8453462.
^ Bertino, Salvatore; Basile, Gianpaolo Antonio; Bramanti, Alessia; Ciurleo, Rosella; Tisano, Adriana; Anastasi, Giuseppe Pio; Milardi, Dimetrio; Cacciola, Alberto (2021). "Ventral intermediate nucleus structural connectivity-derived segmentation: anatomical reliability and variability". NeuroImage. 243: 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118519. PMID 34461233.
^ ^a ^b Neudorfer, C; Kultas-Ilinsky, K; Ilinsky, I; Paschen, S; Helmers, AK; Cosgrove, GR; Richardson, RM; Horn, A; Deuschl, G (April 2024). "The role of the motor thalamus in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor". Neurotherapeutics. 21 (3): e00313. doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00313. PMC 11103222. PMID 38195310.

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[1] Sheridan, Nicholas; Tadi, Prasanna (2023), "Neuroanatomy, Thalamic Nuclei", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31751098, retrieved 2023-09-17

[2] Deiber, MP (1993). "Thalamic stimulation and suppression of parkinsonian tremor". Brain. 116 (1): 267–79. doi:10.1093/brain/116.1.267. PMID 8453462.

[3] Bertino, Salvatore; Basile, Gianpaolo Antonio; Bramanti, Alessia; Ciurleo, Rosella; Tisano, Adriana; Anastasi, Giuseppe Pio; Milardi, Dimetrio; Cacciola, Alberto (2021). "Ventral intermediate nucleus structural connectivity-derived segmentation: anatomical reliability and variability". NeuroImage. 243: 1–18. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118519. PMID 34461233.

[Neudorfer-2024-4] Neudorfer, C; Kultas-Ilinsky, K; Ilinsky, I; Paschen, S; Helmers, AK; Cosgrove, GR; Richardson, RM; Horn, A; Deuschl, G (April 2024). "The role of the motor thalamus in deep brain stimulation for essential tremor". Neurotherapeutics. 21 (3): e00313. doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2023.e00313. PMC 11103222. PMID 38195310.

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