Aldosa
Aldosa aldehido taldea duen monosakaridoa da, Cn(H2O)n formula duena. Aldosa sinpleena glizeraldehidoa da, 3 karbono besterik ez duena.
Aldosetan, aldehido taldea lehenengo karbonoan dago beti (karbonoak aldehido taldea duenetik behera zenbatu egiten dira)
Aldehido taldea dutenez, aldosak erreduktoreak dira, hots, hainbat substantziarekin kontaktua egiten dutenean oxidatu egiten dira.
Glukosa eta galaktosa, besteak beste, aldosak dira.
Aldosa guztiek karbono asimetriko bat dute gutxienez. Karbono asimetrikoa da bere lau balentziak erradikal desberdinez beteta dituena. Glizeraldehidoaren kasuan, adibidez, bigarren karbonoa da karbono asimetrikoa (ikus irudia). Karbono asimetrikoak dituzten molekulek aktibitate optikoa dute, eta isomero enantiomero deritzonak dira (isomero horiek bi forma dituzte: D eta L, OH taldea karbono asimetrikoan duen kokapenaren arabera -eskuin ala ezkerrean-).
Sailkapena
| Karbono kopurua | Aldosak |
|---|---|
| Diosa () | Glikolaldehidoa |
| Triosa () | Glizeraldehidoa |
| Tetrosak () | Eritrosa, Treosa |
| Pentosak () | Arabinosa, Lixosa, Erribosa, Xilosa |
| Hexosak () | Alosa, Altrosa, Glukosa, Gulosa, Manosa, Idosa, Galaktosa, Talosa |
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1cabdbe3e381d5d5d4deb3f3bccfeeceb421cc7f)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/43a2e0140c8c8ea2c636e2983c1bd4e826366582)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{8}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{4}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/aee45e831ea50b038f070f7492ce90eecc8b03dc)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{5}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{10}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{5}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/845bb51797bf08f31bfaf4419e710b297670237f)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {C} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{12}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{6}}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aa82f56a03743f2a75980174ea1d4a63669f13e)
Kanpo estekak
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