Tioeter edo sulfurofuntzio-talde organiko bat da eter funtzio-taldearen analogoa non bi kate karbonatuen artean zubi egiten duen atomoasufrea da eta ez oxigenoa: R-S-R'[1]. Sufrea duten konposatu asko bezala tioeter lurrunkorrei kiratsa darie[2].
Sufre eta oxigenoa taula periodikoan talde bereko elementuak direnez, anfigenoak bi-biak, eterren eta tioeterren kimikak ezaugarri amankomunak ditu kasu askotan.
Nomenklatura
IUPAC-ek sulfuro izendapena lehenesten du kimika-literatura modernorako[3]. Alabaina, bi izendapenak dabiltza. Adibidez, (CH3)2S dimetil sulfuro gisa ezagutzen da, baina C6H5SCH3-ri tioanisol esaten zaio eskuarki metilfenil sulfuroren ordez, bere kide den anisolarenkin analogiaz, C6H5OCH3.
Ezaugarriak
Tioeterren ezaugarri behienena beren usain sendoa da, kirasdunak izatea alegia. Usaina erabilerarako muga da tioeter lurrunkorren kasuan. Ezaugarri fisikoei gagozkielarik, eterren oso antzekoak dituzte, baina ez dira horren lurrunkorrak, fusio-puntua handiagoa dute eta ez dira horren hidrofilikoak.
Eterrak orohar oxigenoak oxidatzen ez baditu ere, tioeterrak errazki oxidatzen dira sulfoxidora zein gerora sulfonara oxida daitekeen. Hidrogeno peroxidoa izaten da oxidatzaile tipikoa. Adibidez:
Tioeterretako sufre-atomoa erraz alkila daiteke, eterren oxigenoarekin pasatzen ez den bezala. Sulfonio gatz egonkorrkl erdiesten dira, trimetilsulfonio ioduroaren modukoak.
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![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {R} {-}\mathrm {CH} {=}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {HS} {-}\mathrm {R} {\vphantom {A}}^{\prime }{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {R} {-}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{-}\mathrm {S} {-}\mathrm {R} {\vphantom {A}}^{\prime }}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a539995c1ccfd52fc004d831c6f9e971abf39605)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {S} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {OS} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cdea467260dedb6f61dc6fcaf3f0e671972075a5)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {OS} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}\mathrm {O} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {S} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {H} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}\mathrm {O} }}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/771e622dfb1d50a5564a396f5b6379f932524bba)
![{\displaystyle {\mathrm {S} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{2}}{}+{}\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}\mathrm {I} {}\mathrel {\longrightarrow } {}[\mathrm {S} (\mathrm {CH} {\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}){\vphantom {A}}_{\smash[{t}]{3}}]{\vphantom {A}}^{+}\mathrm {I} {\vphantom {A}}^{-}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/807f6a9ee428920fcd6050f08c87e3c843b6d0c4)
Datuak: Q727732
Multimedia: Thioethers / Q727732
