由于自1904年以来,切特尼克一直是塞尔维亚独立的急先锋,切特尼克退伍军人一直是南斯拉夫的塞尔维亚爱国团体之一。1921年,切特尼克退伍军人在贝尔格莱德组织了“切特尼克祖国自由与荣誉协会”,其组织目的是讲述切特尼克历史,传播爱国思想,并照顾牺牲成员的遗孤以及残疾的切特尼克成员。它也是一个政治压力集团,从一开始就有人质疑它的领导能力和政治意识形态。最初,该组织的主要政治影响力是南斯拉夫民主党,但占主导地位的人民激进党对影响力的挑战导致了1924年的分裂。1924年,该协会中亲激进的大塞尔维亚的人脱离,成立了两个新组织,即“塞尔维亚切特尼克争取国王和祖国协会”和“"Association of Serbian Chetniks 'Petar Mrkonjić”。1925年7月,这两个组织合并为“"Association of Serbian Chetniks 'Petar Mrkonjić' for King and Fatherland”,由普尼沙·拉契奇领导,他于1927年当选为国民议会激进派代表,并于1928年在国民议会谋杀了三名克罗地亚农民党代表。他主持了大量的争论,直到该组织停止运作。1929年亚历山大国王实行皇家独裁统治后,国家更名为南斯拉夫王国,拉契奇的组织解散,前异见人士重新加入了最初的“Chetnik Association for the Freedom and Honor of the Fatherland”,该组织得到了官方批准。[7][8]
在第一次世界大战结束和南斯拉夫王国成立后,立即发生了广泛的动乱。[9]亲保加利亚的情绪在马其顿盛行,而贝尔格莱德政府称马其顿为「南塞尔维亚」。马其顿民众对该政权几乎没有支持,但是政府仍在马其顿采取了广泛措施“塞尔维亚化”,包括关闭保加利亚东正教学校,修订历史教科书,解雇“不可靠”的教师,禁止使用保加利亚语,并对那些被判从事反国家活动的人判处长期监禁。1918年至1924年间,300多名大保加利亚的马其顿拥护者被谋杀,数千人在同一时期被捕,大约50000名士兵驻扎在马其顿。[9]成千上万的塞族人定居在马其顿,其中切特尼克,包括Jovan Babunski领导的一支,被组织起来恐吓民众,杀害亲保加利亚的抵抗运动领导人,并迫使当地民众为军队强迫劳动。马其顿内部革命组织的抵抗遭遇了进一步的阻碍,其中包括1922年成立了以马其顿东部什蒂普为基地的反对保加利亚土匪协会(Association against Bulgarian Bandits)。这个组织很快就因不分青红皂白地恐吓马其顿民众而名声大噪。佩恰纳克和他的切特尼克成员也积极与阿尔巴尼亚人作战。[9]
即使在独裁统治的同质化压力下,切特尼克也不是一个铁板一块的运动。[10]1929年,伊利亚·特里富诺维奇-比尔查宁(英语:Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin)(Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin)成为该协会主席,任职至1932年,他成为另一个塞尔维亚民族主义组织民族自卫组织的主席,并成立了竞争对手“老切特尼克人协会(Association of Old Chetniks)”,但后者从未挑战过主要的切特尼克组织。接替他的是科斯塔·佩恰纳茨,他继续领导该组织,直到1941年4月入侵南斯拉夫。[11]从1929年开始,主要的切特尼克组织在塞尔维亚本土以外的至少24个城镇建立了分会,其中许多城镇有大量克罗地亚人口。塞族“民族沙文主义”运动在塞尔维亚境外的扩张加剧了种族紧张局势,尤其是塞族和克罗地亚人之间的冲突。在Pećanac的领导下,切特尼克组织的成员向没有参加过战争、出于政治和经济原因而想要加入的年轻新成员开放。在佩恰纳克的领导下,切特尼克组织的成员资格向未在战争中服役但出于政治和经济原因而有兴趣加入的新年轻成员开放,在 1930 年代期间,他从一个专注于民族主义退伍军人以及保护退伍军人的组织中变成了一个激进的塞尔维亚民族主义政治组织,该组织在整个南斯拉夫拥有1,000多个团体的500000名成员。[12] 但是,伊利亚·特里富诺维奇-比尔查宁和其他人对切特尼克的激进扩张及其背离传统切特尼克理想的做法感到不满。1935年后,以克罗地亚人为主的萨瓦河省和几乎完全是斯洛文尼亚人的德拉瓦河省都正式禁止了切特尼克的活动。在此期间,佩恰纳克与1935年至1939年统治南斯拉夫的极右翼南斯拉夫激进联盟的米兰·斯托亚迪诺维奇(Milan Stojadinović)政府建立了密切联系。在两次世界大战期间,对军队初级军官进行了有限的游击战训练,1929年政府出版了关于游击战手册以提供指导。1938年,总参谋部修订了1929年详述的方法,承认在现代战争中不可能进行类似于1904年至1918年间切特尼克进行的行动,并明确表示不会将任何重要的战时职能委托给切特尼克成员。
圣萨瓦大会制定的这份文件名为“The Goals of the Ravna Gora Movement”。分为两部分。第一部分,南斯拉夫将是一个有三个单位的民主联邦,塞尔维亚人、克罗地亚人和斯洛文尼亚人各一个地区,少数民族将被驱逐。第二部分,运动的塞尔维亚目标强化了切特尼克现有的想法,即所有塞尔维亚省份将在联邦安排内统一为塞尔维亚地区,基于南斯拉夫所有塞族地区之间的团结,并处于一院制议会领导下。 大会还决定南斯拉夫应该是一个由塞族君主领导的君主立宪制国家。[44]
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