YNLF_31C病毒 (bat SL-CoV YNLF-31C;SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_31C)與YNLF_34C病毒 (bat SL-CoV YNLF-34C;SARSr-Rf-BatCoV YNLF_34C)皆為嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒 (SARSr-CoV)的病毒株,在中國雲南 的馬鐵菊頭蝠 樣本中發現,於2015年發表。這兩個病毒株的基因組 序列與造成SARS事件 的SARS-CoV 相似度皆為93%,略低於WIV1病毒 、SHC014病毒 等較早發表的病毒株,但其ORF8 (編碼對SARS-CoV跨物種傳播相當重要的輔助蛋白)與SARS-CoV的相似度特別高[ 1] ,核酸 與胺基酸 序列相似度皆約為82%[ 2] [ 註 1] ,高於WIV1等病毒株(約33%)。
發現與研究
YNLF_31C病毒與YNLF_34C病毒皆是在一次雲南 蝙蝠冠狀病毒普查的研究中被發現,研究人員在雲南多處採集多種蝙蝠樣本,發現多種SARS相關病毒的序列,其中兩件來自楚雄彝族自治州 祿豐縣 的馬鐵菊頭蝠 樣本中的病毒複製酶 保守區序列和SARS-CoV 完全吻合,即YNLF_31C與YNLF_34C。研究人員進一步將這兩個病毒株的完整基因組定序,其基因組皆長29723nt ,彼此序列幾乎相同(相似度99.9%),於2015年發表[ 1] 。
SARS-CoV 刺突蛋白中與宿主受體ACE2 結合的受體結合結構域(receptor binding domain, RBD)中有5個關鍵胺基酸為辨識物種所需,YNLF_31C與YNLF_34C僅有其中1個與SARS-CoV相同,另外其RBD與HKU3 、Rf1 、Rp3 與Rm1 一樣有兩段分別長5和12個胺基酸的序列缺失(但不見於WIV1病毒 與SHC014病毒 )。YNLF_31C與YNLF_34C全基因組 序列與SARS-CoV的相似度約為93%,略低於WIV1與SHC014和SARS-CoV的相似度(95%),但其ORF8 與SARS-CoV的相似度較高,核酸 與胺基酸 序列相似度皆約為82%,相較之下WIV1與SHC014的ORF8與SARS-CoV的胺基酸序列相似度僅有約33%,加上此前有在湖北 馬鐵菊頭蝠 中發現的另一SARS相關病毒株Rf1 的ORF8與SARS-CoV相似度也較高(80.4%)[ 3] ,因此發表YNLF_31C與YNLF_34C的論文作者提出SARS-CoV可能是馬鐵菊頭蝠的SARSr-CoV(YNLF_31C、YNLF_34C病毒或相關病毒)與中華菊頭蝠 的SARSr-CoV(WIV、SHC014或相關病毒)間發生重組而產生的假說[ 1] [ 3] [ 註 1] 。
另外YNLF_34C在複製酶1a序列起始處附近的一小段序列(2950-3402)和SARS-CoV的相似度很高,此區可能也曾有基因重組發生[ 6] 。
演化樹
截至2021年1月 (2021-01 ) [update] ,SARS-CoV 與相關病毒株的系統發生樹 :
註腳
參考文獻
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