Gerakan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur

Gerakan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur
	Nama Tionghoa
Hanzi sederhana:	东突厥斯坦独立运动
Hanzi tradisional:	東突厥斯坦獨立運動
Alih aksara
	Mandarin
- Hanyu Pinyin:	Dōng Tūjuésītǎn dúlì yùndòng
	Nama Uighur
Uighur:	شەرقىي تۈركىستان مۇستەقىللىق ھەرىكىتى

Gerakan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur (bahasa Uighur: شەرقىي تۈركىستان مۇستەقىللىق ھەرىكىتى‎, Hanzi: 东突厥斯坦独立运动) adalah seorang gerakan politik yang memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Turkestan Timur, sebuah wilayah besar di Tiongkok barat laut, sebagai tanah air untuk suku Uighur, yang lebih dekat dengan bangsa Turkic ketimbang Sinitic (Tionghoa Han). Wilayah tersebut kini diurus sebagai subdivisi tingkat provinsi Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, dengan nama resmi Wilayah Otonomi Uighur Xinjiang. Dalam gerakan tersebut, terdapat dubungan besar agar wilayah tersebut bergnati nama, karena "Xinjiang" (artinya "garis depan baru" dalam bahasa Tionghoa) dipandang oleh para aktivis kemerdekaan sebagai nama kolonial. "Turkestan Timur" adalah nama paling paling banyak dicetuskan. "Uighurstan" adalah nama lainnya yang dicetuskan.

Referensi

Kutipan

Sumber

Artikel ini memuat teks dari Accounts and papers of the House of Commons, publikasi dari tahun 1871, sekarang berada pada domain umum di Amerika Serikat.

Mesny, William (1905). Mesny's Chinese Miscellany. Vol. IV. Shanghai.
Andreyev, Alexandre (2003). Soviet Russia and Tibet: The Debarcle of Secret Diplomacy, 1918–1930s. Volume 4 of Brill's Tibetan Studies Library, V.4 (edisi ke-illustrated). Brill. ISBN 90-04-12952-9.
Andreyev, Alexandre (2014). The Myth of the Masters Revived: The Occult Lives of Nikolai and Elena Roerich. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-27043-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Baabar (1999). Kaplonski, Christopher, ed. Twentieth Century Mongolia, Volume 1 (edisi ke-illustrated). White Horse Press. ISBN 1-874267-40-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Linguistic Typology, Volume 2. Association for Linguistic Typology. Mouton de Gruyter. 1998. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Islamic Culture, Volumes 27-29. Islamic Culture Board. Deccan. 1971. ISBN 0-8420-1704-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Ethnological information on China. Volume 16; Volume 620 of JPRS (Series). CCM Information Corporation. n.d. [196?]. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
"Turkestan". The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Volume 23 (edisi ke-9). Maxwell Sommerville. 1894. hlm. 681.
Inner Asia, Volume 4, Issues 1-2. Contributor: University of Cambridge. Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit. The White Horse Press for the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit at the University of Cambridge. 2002. ISBN 0-8047-2933-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. Shanghai : Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office 10-Hankow Road-10.: The Branch. 1876. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai (1876). Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. Shanghai : Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office 10-Hankow Road-10.: Kelly & Walsh. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1871). Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 51. H.M. Stationery Office. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1914). Papers by Command, Volume 101. H.M. Stationery Office. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section, George Walter Prothero (1920). Handbooks Prepared Under the Direction of the Historical Section of the Foreign Office, Issues 67-74. H.M. Stationery Office. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section (1973). George Walter Prothero, ed. China, Japan, Siam. Volume 12 of Peace Handbooks, Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section. ISBN 0-8420-1704-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2007). Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-7041-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2008). Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880–1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-16675-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Biran, Michal (2005). The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84226-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Bovingdon, Gardner (2010). The Uyghurs: Strangers in Their Own Land. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51941-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Benson, Linda; Svanberg, Ingvar C. (1998). China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks (edisi ke-illustrated). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-782-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Benson, Linda (1990). The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944–1949. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-87332-509-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-09. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
BURNS, john f. (6 July 1983). "ON SOVIET-CHINA BORDER, THE THAW IS JUST A TRICKLE". The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-07-01. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Bretschneider, E. (1876). Notices of the Mediæval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia. Trübner & Company. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Bridgman, Elijah Coleman; Williams, Samuel Wells (1837). The Chinese Repository, Vol. V, From May 1836 to April 1837 (edisi ke-reprint). Canton: Maruzen Kabushiki Kaisha. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Clarke, Michael E. (2011). Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia - A History. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-82706-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-09. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Clarke, Michael Edmund (2004). In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the 'New Great Game' for Central Asia, 1759–2004 (Tesis). Brisbane, Queensland: Dept. of International Business & Asian Studies, Griffith University. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20061121.163131/public/02Whole.pdf. Diarsipkan 2008-04-10 di Wayback Machine.
Croner, Don (2009). "False Lama – The Life and Death of Dambijantsan" (PDF). dambijantsan.doncroner.com. Ulaan Baatar: Don Croner. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-09-03. Diakses tanggal 29 August 2014.
Croner, Don (2010). "Ja Lama – The Life and Death of Dambijantsan" (PDF). dambijantsan.doncroner.com. Ulaan Baatar: Don Croner. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-01-11. Diakses tanggal 29 August 2014.
Crowe, David M. (2014). War Crimes, Genocide, and Justice: A Global History. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-03701-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-23. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Dankoff, Robert (2008). From Mahmud Kaşgari to Evliya Çelebi. Isis Press. ISBN 978-975-428-366-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Debata, Mahesh Ranjan (2007). China's Minorities: Ethnic-religious Separatism in Xinjiang. Central Asian Studies Programme (edisi ke-illustrated). Pentagon Press. ISBN 978-81-8274-325-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Dickens, Mark (1990). "The Soviets in Xinjiang 1911–1949". OXUS COMMUNICATIONS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-10-23. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Dillon, Michael (2008). Contemporary China – An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-29054-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Dillon, Michael (2003). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-36096-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Dupree, Louis; Naby, Eden (1994). Black, Cyril E., ed. The Modernization of Inner Asia. Contributor: Elizabeth Endicott-West (edisi ke-reprint). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-87332-779-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Dunnell, Ruth W.; Elliott, Mark C.; Foret, Philippe; Millward, James A (2004). New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-36222-6. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007). Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes, Part 1 (edisi ke-illustrated). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04091-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Elliott, Mark C. (2001). The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4684-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-11. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Fairbank, John K., ed. (1978). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 10, Late Ch'ing 1800–1911, Part 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-21447-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Fisher, Richard Swainson (1852). The book of the world, Volume 2. J. H. Colton.
Forbes, Andrew D. W. (1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949 (edisi ke-illustrated). CUP Archive. ISBN 0-521-25514-7. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Gernet, Jacques (1996). A History of Chinese Civilization (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint, revised). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-49781-7. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Gladney, Dru C. (2004). Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-29776-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002). Handbook of Oriental Studies Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Manchu Grammar. Volume Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub. ISBN 90-04-12307-5. Diakses tanggal 6 May 2014.
Gunaratna, Rohan; Acharya, Acharya; Pengxin, Wang (2010). Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-0-230-10787-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang (2007). Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang, ed. Challenges facing Chinese political development (edisi ke-illustrated). Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-2094-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Guo, Baogang; Hickey, Dennis V., ed. (2009). Toward Better Governance in China: An Unconventional Pathway of Political Reform (edisi ke-illustrated). Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-4029-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Harris, Rachel (2004). Singing the Village: Music, Memory and Ritual Among the Sibe of Xinjiang (edisi ke-illustrated). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-726297-X. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Hansen, Valerie (2012). The Silk Road: A New History. Oxford University Press. hlm. 226. ISBN 978-0-19-993921-3.
Hopper, Ben; Webber, Michael (2009), "Migration, Modernisation and Ethnic Estrangement: Uyghur migration to Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, PRC", Inner Asia, Global Oriental Ltd, 11 (2): 173–203, doi:10.1163/000000009793066460
Howell, Anthony J. (2009). Population Migration and Labor Market Segmentation: Empirical Evidence from Xinjiang, Northwest China. Michigan State University. ISBN 978-1-109-24323-9. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Juntunen, Mirja; Schlyter, Birgit N., ed. (2013). Return to the Silk Routes (edisi ke-illustrated). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-17519-0. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Kadeer, Rebiya (2009). Dragon Fighter: One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China. Kales. ISBN 978-0-9798456-1-1.
Kaltman, Blaine (2007). Under the Heel of the Dragon: Islam, Racism, Crime, and the Uighur in China. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-89680-254-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Kim, Hodong (2004). Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877 (edisi ke-illustrated). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-6723-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-07-05. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Kim, Kwangmin (2008). Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696–1814. University of California, Berkeley. ISBN 978-1-109-10126-3 – via ProQuest. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Lattimore, Owen (1955). Nationalism and Revolution in Mongolia. Brill Archive. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Lorge, Peter (2006). War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-37286-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Levene, Mark (2008). "Empires, Native Peoples, and Genocides". Dalam Moses, A. Dirk. Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History. Oxford and New York: Berghahn. hlm. 183–204. ISBN 978-1-84545-452-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-16. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Liu, Tao Tao; Faure, David (1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-402-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-16. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Mackerras, Colin (2003). China's Ethnic Minorities and Globalisation. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-39288-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Marks, Robert B. (2011). China: Its Environment and History. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-1277-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847). China; Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. Volume 1 of China, Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government, China, Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. J. Madden. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Martyn, Norma (1987). The silk road. Methuen. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Mentelle, Edme; Malte-Brun, Malte Conrad Brun (dit Conrad); de Halle, Pierre-Etienne Herbin (1804). Géographie mathématique, physique & politique de toutes les parties du monde. Volume 12. H. Tardieu. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Millward, James A. (1998). Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759–1864 (edisi ke-illustrated). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2933-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Millward, James A. (2007). Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang (edisi ke-illustrated). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13924-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-10. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Morozova, Irina Y. (2009). Socialist Revolutions in Asia: The Social History of Mongolia in the 20th Century. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-78437-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Nan, Susan Allen; Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian; Bartoli, Andrea, ed. (2011). Peacemaking: From Practice to Theory. Volume One. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-37576-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Nan, Susan Allen; Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian; Bartoli, Andrea, ed. (2011). Peacemaking: From Practice to Theory [2 volumes]: From Practice to Theory. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-37577-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Nathan, Andrew James; Scobell, Andrew (2013). China's Search for Security (edisi ke-illustrated). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51164-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Newby, L. J. (2005). The Empire And the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations With Khoqand C.1760-1860. Volume 16 of Brill's Inner Asian Library (edisi ke-illustrated). BRILL. ISBN 90-04-14550-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-12. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Nyman, Lars-Erik (1977). Great Britain and Chinese, Russian and Japanese interests in Sinkiang, 1918–1934. Volume 8 of Lund studies in international history. Esselte studium. ISBN 91-24-27287-6. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Paine, S. C. M. (1996). Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier (edisi ke-illustrated). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 1-56324-724-0. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Palmer, James (2011). The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia (edisi ke-reprint). Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02207-6. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Parker, Charles H. (2010). Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400–1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49141-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Pegg, Carole (2001). Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities, Volume 1 (edisi ke-illustrated). University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98030-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Perdue, Peter C. (2005). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (edisi ke-illustrated). Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-01684-X. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Perdue, Peter C. (2009). China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (edisi ke-reprint). Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-04202-5. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-11. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Perdue, Peter C. (October 1996). "Military Mobilization in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century China, Russia, and Mongolia". Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 30 (4 Special Issue: War in Modern China): 757–793. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00016796. JSTOR 312949.
Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2010). The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing. ISBN 978-1-61530-182-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2011). The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places (edisi ke-illustrated). The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-61530-134-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Pollard, Vincent, ed. (2011). State Capitalism, Contentious Politics and Large-Scale Social Change. Volume 29 of Studies in Critical Social Sciences (edisi ke-illustrated). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-19445-8. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Powers, John; Templeman, David (2012). Historical Dictionary of Tibet (edisi ke-illustrated). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7984-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Prakash, Buddha (1963). The modern approach to history. University Publishers. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Rahul, Ram (2000). March of Central Asia. Indus Publishing. ISBN 81-7387-109-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-24. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Reed, J. Todd; Raschke, Diana (2010). The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-36540-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-09. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Roberts, John A.G. (2011). A History of China (edisi ke-revised). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-34411-2. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Michell, Robert (1870). "Eastern Turkestan and Dzungaria, and the rebellion of the Tungans and Taranchis, 1862 to 1866". Dalam Romanovski, M. Notes on the Central Asiatic Question. Calcutta, India: Office of Superintendent of Government Printing. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Rudelson, Justin Jon; Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam (1992). Bones in the Sand: The Struggle to Create Uighur Nationalist Ideologies in Xinjiang, China (edisi ke-reprint). Harvard University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Rudelson, Justin Jon (1997). Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road (edisi ke-illustrated). Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10786-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
RYAN, William l. (2 January 1969). "Russians Back Revolution in Province Inside China". The Lewiston Daily Sun. hlm. 3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-05-13. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Sanders, Alan J. K. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Mongolia. Volume 74 of Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (edisi ke-3, illustrated). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7452-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Sautman, Barry (2000). "Is Xinjiang an Internal Colony?". Inner Asia. Brill. 2 (2): 239–271. doi:10.1163/146481700793647788. JSTOR 23615559.
Scharff, David E.; Scharff, Jill Savege (2011). The Interpersonal Unconscious. Jason Aronson. ISBN 978-0-7657-0870-0. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Seymour, James D.; Anderson, Richard (1999). New Ghosts, Old Ghosts: Prisons and Labor Reform Camps in China. Socialism and Social Movements Series. Contributor: Sidong Fan (edisi ke-illustrated, reprint). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-0510-4. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Shelton, Dinah C (2005). Shelton, Dinah, ed. Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity, Volume 3 (edisi ke-illustrated). Macmillan Reference. ISBN 0-02-865850-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2014.
Aspects of Altaic Civilization III: Proceedings of the Thirtieth Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, June 19-25, 1987. Volume 3 of Aspects of Altaic civilization / ed. by Denis Sinor.
Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990). Volume 145 of Indiana University Uralic and Altaic series, Indiana University Bloomington. Contributor: Indiana University, Bloomington. Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-7007-0380-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Skrine, C.P.; Nightingale, Pamela (2013) [1973]. Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890–1918. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-57609-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Starr, S. Frederick, ed. (2004). Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland (edisi ke-illustrated). M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-1318-2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David (2012). Islam Outside the Arab World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-11330-7. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Tamm, Eric (2013). The Horse that Leaps Through Clouds: A Tale of Espionage, the Silk Road, and the Rise of Modern China. Counterpoint. ISBN 978-1-58243-876-4. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Tinibai, Kenjali (28 May 2010). "China and Kazakhstan: A Two-Way Street". Bloomberg Businessweek. hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 5 July 2015. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Tinibai, Kenjali (28 May 2010). "Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street". Gazeta.kz. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-13. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Tinibai, Kenjali (27 May 2010). "Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street". Transitions Online. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-13. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Tyler, Christian (2004). Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3533-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 2021-07-18.
Universität Bonn. Ostasiatische Seminar (1982). Asiatische Forschungen, Volumes 73-75. O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-02237-X. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Walcott, Susan M.; Johnson, Corey, ed. (2013). Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-07875-1. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 13 April 2014.
Wayne, Martin I. (2007). China's War on Terrorism: Counter-Insurgency, Politics and Internal Security. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-10623-3. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
Westad, Odd Arne (2012). Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 (edisi ke-illustrated). Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02936-5.
Zhao, Gang (January 2006). "Reinventing China Imperial Qing Ideology and the Rise of Modern Chinese National Identity in the Early Twentieth Century". Modern China. Sage Publications. 32 (1): 3–30. doi:10.1177/0097700405282349. JSTOR 20062627.
Znamenski, Andrei (2011). Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia (edisi ke-illustrated). Quest Books. ISBN 978-0-8356-0891-6. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-01-24. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
The Mongolia Society Bulletin: A Publication of the Mongolia Society, Volume 9. Contributor: Mongolia Society. The Society. 1970. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-08-01. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Mongolia Society (1970). Mongolia Society Bulletin, Volumes 9-12. Mongolia Society. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-29. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.
Central Asia Monitor. Contributor: Institute for Democratic Development. Central Asia Monitor. 1993. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2014.
"Radio war aims at China Moslems". The Montreal Gazette. UPI. 22 September 1981. hlm. 11. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-05-06. Diakses tanggal 12 May 2014.
Universität Bonn. Ostasiatische Seminar (1982). Asiatische Forschungen, Volumes 73-75. O. Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-02237-X. Diakses tanggal 24 April 2014.

Bacaan tambahan

Burhan Shahidi, Xinjiang wushi nian [Fifty Years in Xinjiang], (Beijing, Wenshi ziliao, 1984).
Clubb, O. E., China and Russia: The 'Great Game'. (NY, Columbia, 1971).
Forbes, A. D. W. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republic Sinkiang, 1911–1949 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986).
Gladney, Dru C. (2013). Separatism in China: The case of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia: To have a state of one's own. Routledge. hlm. 220–236.
Hasiotis, A. C. Jr. Soviet Political, Economic and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949 (NY, Garland, 1987).
Hierman, Brent (2007). "The Pacification of Xinjiang: Uighur Protest and the Chinese State, 1988–2002". Problems of Post-Communism 54 (3): 48–62.
Khakimbaev A. A., 'Nekotorye Osobennosti Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'nogo Dvizheniya Narodov Sin'tszyana v 30-kh i 40-kh godakh XX veka' [Some Characters of the National-Liberation Movement of the Xinjiang Peoples in 1930s and 1940s], in Materially Mezhdunarodnoi Konferentsii po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, Aprel' 1977, Problemy Kitaya (Moscow, 1978) pp. 113–118.
Lattimore, O., Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China (Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1950).
Rakhimov, T. R. 'Mesto Bostochno-Turkestanskoi Respubliki (VTR) v Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'noi Bor'be Narodov Kitaya' [Role of the Eastern Turkestan Republic (ETR) in the National Liberation Struggle of the Peoples in China], A paper presented at 2-ya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, (Moscow, 1977), pp. 68–70.
Shichor, Yitzhak. (2005). Blow Up: Internal and External Challenges of Uyghur Separatism and Islamic Radicalism to Chinese Rule in Xinjiang. Asian Affairs: An American Review. 32(2), 119–136.
Taipov, Z. T., V Bor'be za Svobodu [In the Struggle for Freedom], (Moscow, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoi Literaturi Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1974).
Wang, D., 'The Xinjiang Question of the 1940s: the Story behind the Sino-Soviet Treaty of August 1945', Asian Studies Review, vol. 21, no.1 (1997) pp. 83–105.
Wang, D., 'The USSR and the Establishment of the Eastern Turkestan Republic in Xinjiang', Journal of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, vol.25 (1996) pp. 337–378.
Yakovlev, A. G., 'K Voprosy o Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'nom Dvizhenii Norodov Sin'tzyana v 1944–1949', [Question on the National Liberation Movement of the Peoples in Xinjiang in 1944–1945], in Uchenie Zapiski Instituta Voctokovedeniia Kitaiskii Spornik vol.xi, (1955) pp. 155–188.
Wang, D., Clouds over Tianshan: essays on social disturbance in Xinjiang in the 1940s, Copenhagen, NIAS, 1999
Wang, D., Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident: ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944–1949, Hong Kong, The Chinese University Press, 1999.

Pranala luar

Cartogracy: Uighur Independence Movement Diarsipkan 2015-02-04 di Wayback Machine.
US Treasury Dept. on Addition of ETIM to Terrorist List
Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization - East Turkestan Diarsipkan 2020-04-11 di Wayback Machine.
BBC: Islam in China Diarsipkan 2009-08-13 di Wayback Machine.
East Turkistan National Freedom Center Diarsipkan 2020-07-30 di Wayback Machine.