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The Norwegian Nobel Institute assists the Norwegian Nobel Committee in selecting recipients of the Nobel Peace Prize and in organising the annual award in Oslo.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize annually "to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."[1] As dictated by Alfred Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway.[2]
The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm.[5] Unlike the other prizes, the Peace Prize is occasionally awarded to an organisation (such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, a three-time recipient) rather than an individual.
Linus Pauling, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1962, is the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes; he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954.[6]
At 17 years of age, Malala Yousafzai, the 2014 recipient, is the youngest to be awarded the Peace Prize.[6]
The first woman to receive a Nobel Peace Prize was Bertha von Suttner in 1905. Of the 111 individual Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, 19 have been women.[6]
As of 2024[update], the Peace Prize has been awarded to 111 individuals and 28 organizations. Nineteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize.[7] Only two recipients have won multiple Peace Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944 and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981).[6] There have been 19 years in which the Peace Prize was not awarded.
"for acting as a link between the peace societies of the various countries, and helping them to organize the world rallies of the international peace movement."[18][19]
"for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries."[8][21]
"for his leading role in the repatriation of prisoners of war, in international relief work and as the League of Nations' High Commissioner for refugees."[27][28]
"for promoting Christian unity and helping create 'that new attitude of mind which is necessary if peace between nations is to become reality'."[8][33]
"for their pioneering work in the international peace movement and compassionate effort to relieve human suffering, thereby promoting the fraternity between nations."[48]
1948
Not awardedbecause "there was no suitable living candidate." (A tribute to the recently assassinated Mohandas Gandhi in India.)[49]
"for his altruism, reverence for life, and tireless humanitarian work which has helped making the idea of brotherhood between men and nations a living one."[53]
"for developing the UN into an effective and constructive international organization, capable of giving life to the principles and aims expressed in the UN Charter."[60][8]
"for advocating peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."[88][89]
"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular."[100]
"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development."[102]
"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way."[105]
"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change."[107]
"for its work to draw attention to the catastrophic humanitarian consequences of any use of nuclear weapons and for its ground-breaking efforts to achieve a treaty-based prohibition of such weapons."[118]
"for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea."[120]
"for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict."[121]
"The Peace Prize laureates represent civil society in their home countries. They have for many years promoted the right to criticise power and protect the fundamental rights of citizens. They have made an outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. Together they demonstrate the significance of civil society for peace and democracy."[123]
"for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons and for demonstrating through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again"[125]
A The following laureates were all awarded their respective Prizes one year late because the Committee decided that none of the nominations in the year in which they are listed as being awarded the Prize met the criteria in Nobel's will; per its rules the Committee delayed the awarding of the Prizes until the next year, although they were awarded as the previous year's Prize:
Elihu Root (1912),[21] Woodrow Wilson (1919),[24] Austen Chamberlain (1925), Charles G. Dawes (1925),[29] Frank B. Kellogg (1929),[32] Norman Angell (1933),[35] Carl von Ossietzky (1935),[38] International Committee of the Red Cross (1944),[43] Albert Schweitzer (1952),[126] Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1954),[55] Albert Lutuli (1960),[59] Linus Pauling (1962)[61]
B Carl von Ossietzky's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned and was refused a passport by the government of Germany.[127]
C Dag Hammarskjöld's Prize was awarded posthumously.
D Henry Kissinger's Prize was awarded in absentia because he did not want to become a target of anti-war protesters.[128]
F Andrei Sakharov's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was refused a passport by the government of the Soviet Union.[129]
G Lech Wałęsa's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was refused a passport by the government of Poland.[130]
H Aung San Suu Kyi's Prize was awarded in absentia because she was being held prisoner by the government of Myanmar. Following her release from house arrest and election to the Pyithu Hluttaw, Suu Kyi accepted her award in person on 16 June 2012.[131]
I Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.[132]
J Ales Bialiatski's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in Belarus.
K Narges Mohammadi's Prize was awarded in absentia because she was imprisoned in Iran.
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