Dictature de droite

Une dictature de droite est un autoritarisme ou parfois un totalitarisme basé sur des principes politiques de droite ou d'extrême droite. Les dictatures de droite se caractérisent généralement par des appels au traditionalisme et à la protection de la loi et de l'ordre et justifient leur accession au pouvoir par la nécessité de faire respecter un statu quo conservateur. Des exemples de dictatures de droite sont les anticommunistes, telles que l'Allemagne nazie, l'Italie fasciste, l'Estado Novo, l'Espagne franquiste, la dictature d'Augusto Pinochet au Chili, la dictature des colonels en Grèce, la dictature militaire brésilienne, la junte argentine (ou Processus de réorganisation nationale), Taïwan sous Tchang Kaï-chek, la Corée du Sud lorsqu'elle était dirigée par Syngman Rhee, Park Chung-hee et Chun Doo-hwan, et un certain nombre de dictatures militaires en Amérique latine pendant la guerre froide^[1], ou ceux qui attisent les sentiments anti-occidentaux, comme la fédération de Russie sous Vladimir Poutine.

Caractéristiques

Dictature militaire

Dans la vision occidentale la plus répandue, l'exemple parfait de dictature de droite est celle qui régnait autrefois en Amérique du Sud. Ces régimes étaient principalement des juntes militaires et la plupart certains d’entre eux se sont effondrés dans les années 1980. Les pays communistes, qui faisaient très attention à ne pas révéler au public leurs méthodes de gouvernement autoritaires, étaient généralement dirigés par des gouvernements civils et les officiers qui prenaient le pouvoir n'y étaient pas très bien accueillis. Quelques exceptions incluent la voie birmane vers le socialisme (Birmanie, 1966-1988), le Conseil militaire de salut national (république populaire de Pologne, 1981-1983) ou la Corée du Nord tout au long du règne de Kim Il Sung.

Autoritarisme religieux

De nombreux régimes de droite entretenaient des liens étroits avec les institutions religieuses locales. Les dictatures pro-catholiques comprenaient l'Estado Novo portugais (1933-1974) et l'État fédéral d'Autriche (1934-1938). Actuellement, les principaux gouvernements autoritaires de droite religieuse se trouvent dans le monde musulman. Toutefois, certaines dictatures de droite, comme l'Allemagne nazie, étaient même ouvertement hostiles à certaines religions^[2].

Références

↑ Diane Bailey, Dictatorship, Broomall, Pennsylvanie, Timothy J. Colton, 2 septembre 2014 (ISBN 978-1-4222-9455-0, OCLC 1088312521, lire en ligne), p. 22
↑ Ted Gottfried, Heroes of the Holocaust, 2001, 24–25 (ISBN 9780761317173, lire en ligne ) :
« Some groups that are known to have helped Jews were religious in nature. One of these was the Confessing Church, a Protestant denomination formed in May 1934, the year after Hitler became chancellor of Germany. One of its goals was to repeal the Nazi law "which required that the civil service would be purged of all those who were either Jewish or of partly Jewish descent." Another was to help those "who suffered through repressive laws, or violence." About 7,000 of the 17,000 Protestant clergy in Germany joined the Confessing Church. Much of their work has one unrecognized, but two who will never forget them are Max Krakauer and his wife. Sheltered in sixty-six houses and helped by more than eighty individuals who belonged to the Confessing Church, they owe them their lives. German Catholic churches went out of their way to protect Catholics of Jewish ancestry. More inclusive was the principled stand taken by Catholic Bishop Clemens Count von Galen of Munster. He publicly denounced the Nazi slaughter of Jews and actually succeeded in having the problem halted for a short time. ... Members of the Society of Friends--German Quakers working with organizations of Friends from other countries--were particularly successful in rescuing Jews. ... Jehovah's Witnesses, themselves targeted for concentration camps, also provided help to Jews. »

[1] Diane Bailey, Dictatorship, Broomall, Pennsylvanie, Timothy J. Colton, 2 septembre 2014 (ISBN 978-1-4222-9455-0, OCLC 1088312521, lire en ligne), p. 22

[2] Ted Gottfried, Heroes of the Holocaust, 2001, 24–25 (ISBN 9780761317173, lire en ligne ) :
« Some groups that are known to have helped Jews were religious in nature. One of these was the Confessing Church, a Protestant denomination formed in May 1934, the year after Hitler became chancellor of Germany. One of its goals was to repeal the Nazi law "which required that the civil service would be purged of all those who were either Jewish or of partly Jewish descent." Another was to help those "who suffered through repressive laws, or violence." About 7,000 of the 17,000 Protestant clergy in Germany joined the Confessing Church. Much of their work has one unrecognized, but two who will never forget them are Max Krakauer and his wife. Sheltered in sixty-six houses and helped by more than eighty individuals who belonged to the Confessing Church, they owe them their lives. German Catholic churches went out of their way to protect Catholics of Jewish ancestry. More inclusive was the principled stand taken by Catholic Bishop Clemens Count von Galen of Munster. He publicly denounced the Nazi slaughter of Jews and actually succeeded in having the problem halted for a short time. ... Members of the Society of Friends--German Quakers working with organizations of Friends from other countries--were particularly successful in rescuing Jews. ... Jehovah's Witnesses, themselves targeted for concentration camps, also provided help to Jews. »

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Dictature de droite

Caractéristiques

Dictature militaire

Autoritarisme religieux

Références

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