^Feminist Aesthetics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Winter 2012 [13 May 2015]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-02). Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of objects of visual art so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of appreciation.
^That the male gaze applies to literature and to the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013). Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.
^Eaton, E.W. Feminist Philosophy of Art. Philosophy Compass (Wiley-Blackwell). September 2008, 3 (5): 873–893. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x.
^Jacobsson, Eva-Maria. A Female Gaze?(PDF) (报告). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology. 1999. (原始内容存档(PDF)于2011-10-04).
^Devereaux, Mary. Oppressive Texts, Resisting Readers, and the Gendered Spectator: The "New" Aesthetics. Brand, Peggy Z.; Korsmeyer, Carolyn (编). Feminism and tradition in aesthetics. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. 1995: 126. ISBN 9780271043968.
^Walters, Suzanna Danuta. Visual Pressures: On Gender and Looking. Walters, Suzanna Danuta (编). Material Girls: Making Sense of Feminist Cultural Theory. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 1995: 57. ISBN 9780520089778.
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