Day of the year
March 2 is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 304 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1901 – United States Steel Corporation is founded as a result of a merger between Carnegie Steel Company and Federal Steel Company which became the first corporation in the world with a market capital over $1 billion.1901 – The U.S. Congress passes the Platt Amendment limiting the autonomy of Cuba , as a condition of the withdrawal of American troops.
1903 – In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.1917 – The enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.1919 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow.[ 10] 1932 – Finnish president P. E. Svinhufvud gives a radio speech, which four days later finally ends the Mäntsälä Rebellion and the far-right Lapua Movement that started it.[ 11] [ 12] 1937 – The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel , leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.[ 13] 1939 – Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII .[ 14] 1941 – World War II : First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact .1943 – World War II: During the Battle of the Bismarck Sea Allied aircraft defeated a Japanese attempt to ship troops to New Guinea.1949 – Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II Fort Worth, Texas , after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.[ 15] 1955 – Norodom Sihanouk , king of Cambodia , abdicates the throne in favor of his father, Norodom Suramarit .[ 16] 1962 – In Burma , the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup d'état [ 17] 1962 – Wilt Chamberlain sets the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association by scoring 100 points .[ 18]
1965 – The US and Republic of Vietnam Air Force begin Operation Rolling Thunder , a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam .[ 19] 1968 – Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country .[ 20] 1969 – In Toulouse , France, the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.[ 21] 1970 – Rhodesia declares itself a republic , breaking its last links with the British crown.[ 22] 1972 – The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral , Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets .[ 23] 1977 – Libya becomes the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People ".[ 24] 1978 – Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space , when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28 .[ 25] 1978 – The late iconic actor Charlie Chaplin 's coffin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland.[ 26]
1983 – Compact discs and players are released for the first time in the United States and other markets.[ 27] [ 28] 1989 – Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.[ 29] 1990 – Nelson Mandela is elected deputy president of the African National Congress .[ 30] 1991 – Establishment of Kuwait Democratic Forum , center-left political organization in Kuwait .[ 31] 1991 – Battle at Rumaila oil field brings an end to the 1991 Gulf War .
1992 – Start of the war in Transnistria .1992 – Armenia , Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Moldova , San Marino , Tajikistan , Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan , all of which (except San Marino) were former Soviet republics , join the United Nations .
1995 – Researchers at Fermilab announce the discovery of the top quark .1998 – Data sent from the Galileo spacecraft indicates that Jupiter 's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.2002 – U.S. invasion of Afghanistan : Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).2004 – War in Iraq : Al-Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq , killing 170 and wounding over 500.2012 – A tornado outbreak occurs over a large section of the Southern United States and into the Ohio Valley region, resulting in 40 tornado-related fatalities.2017 – The elements Moscovium , Tennessine , and Oganesson are officially added to the periodic table at a conference in Moscow, Russia .2022 – Russian forces capture the city of Kherson during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , which subsequently began the start of the Russian occupation and military-civilian administration in Kherson .[ 32]
Births
Pre-1600
480 – Benedict of Nursia , Italian Christian saint (d. 543 or 547)1316 – Robert II of Scotland (d. 1390)1409 – Jean II, Duke of Alençon (d. 1476)1432 – Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach , countess consort of Hanau (d. 1457)1453 – Johannes Engel , German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (d. 1512)[ 33] 1459 – Pope Adrian VI (d. 1523)[ 34] 1481 – Franz von Sickingen , German knight (d. 1523)1545 – Thomas Bodley , English diplomat and scholar, founded the Bodleian Library (d. 1613)1577 – George Sandys , English traveller, colonist and poet (d. 1644)
1628 – Cornelis Speelman , Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1684)1651 – Carlo Gimach , Maltese architect, engineer and poet (d. 1730)1705 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield , Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1793)1740 – Nicholas Pocock , English naval painter (d. 1821)1760 – Camille Desmoulins , French journalist and politician (d. 1794)1769 – DeWitt Clinton , American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of New York (d. 1828)1770 – Louis-Gabriel Suchet , French general (d. 1826)1779 – Joel Roberts Poinsett , American physician and politician, 15th United States Secretary of War (d. 1851)1793 – Sam Houston , American soldier and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)1800 – Yevgeny Baratynsky , Russian-Italian poet and philosopher (d. 1844)1810 – Pope Leo XIII (d. 1903)1816 – Alexander Bullock , American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1882)1817 – János Arany , Hungarian journalist and poet (d. 1882)1820 – Multatuli , Dutch writer (d. 1887)1824 – Bedřich Smetana , Czech pianist and composer (d. 1884)1829 – Carl Schurz , German-American general, lawyer, and politician, 13th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1906)1836 – Henry Billings Brown , American lawyer and judge (d. 1913)1842 – Carl Jacobsen , Danish brewer, art collector, and philanthropist (d. 1914)1846 – Marie Roze , French soprano (d. 1926)1849 – Robert Means Thompson , American commander, lawyer, and businessman (d. 1930)1859 – Sholem Aleichem , Ukrainian-American author and playwright (d. 1916)1860 – Susanna M. Salter , American activist and politician (d. 1961)1862 – John Jay Chapman , American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1933)1869 – Julien Félix , French military officer and aviator (d. 1914) [ 35] 1876 – James A. Gilmore , American businessman and baseball executive (d. 1947)[ 36] 1876 – Pope Pius XII (d. 1958)
1880 – René Vallon , French aviator (d. 1911)[ 37] 1886 – Willis H. O'Brien , American animator and director (d. 1962)1886 – Kurt Grelling , German logician and philosopher (d. 1942)
1900 – Kurt Weill , German-American pianist and composer (d. 1950)
1901 – Grete Hermann , German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1984)1902 – Moe Berg , American baseball player and spy (d. 1972)[ 38] 1902 – Edward Condon , American physicist and academic (d. 1974)
1904 – Dr. Seuss , American children's book writer, poet, and illustrator (d. 1991)[ 38] 1905 – Marc Blitzstein , American composer and songwriter (d. 1964)1905 – Geoffrey Grigson , English poet and critic (d. 1985)
1908 – Walter Bruch , German engineer (d. 1990)1909 – Mel Ott , American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 1958)1912 – Henry Katzman , American pianist, composer, and painter (d. 2001)1913 – Godfried Bomans , Dutch television host and author (d. 1971)1913 – Mort Cooper , American baseball player (d. 1958)
1914 – Martin Ritt , American actor and film director (d. 1990)1915 – John Burton , Australian public servant and diplomat, Australian High Commissioner to Ceylon (d. 2010)1917 – Desi Arnaz , Cuban-American actor, singer, and producer (d. 1986)[ 38] 1917 – David Goodis , American author and screenwriter (d. 1967)
1917 – Jim Konstanty , American baseball player and coach (d. 1976)
1919 – Jennifer Jones , American actress (d. 2009)[ 38] 1919 – Eddie Lawrence , American actor, singer, and playwright (d. 2014)
1919 – Tamara Toumanova , Russian-American ballerina and actress (d. 1996)
1921 – Kazimierz Górski , Polish footballer and coach (d. 2006)1921 – Ernst Haas , Austrian-American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
1922 – Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis , American saxophonist (d. 1986)1922 – Bill Quackenbush , Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1999)
1922 – Frances Spence , American computer programmer (d. 2012)
1923 – Basil Hume , English cardinal (d. 1999)1923 – Robert H. Michel , American soldier and politician (d. 2017)
1923 – Dave Strack , American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
1924 – Cal Abrams , American baseball player (d. 1997)1924 – Renos Apostolidis , Greek philologist, author, and critic (d. 2004)
1926 – Bernard Agré , Ivorian cardinal (d. 2014)1926 – Murray Rothbard , American economist and historian (d. 1995)
1927 – Roger Walkowiak , French cyclist and economist (d. 2017)[ 39] 1930 – John Cullum , American actor and singer[ 40] 1930 – Emma Penella , Spanish actress (d. 2007)
1930 – Tom Wolfe , American journalist and author (d. 2018)
1931 – Mikhail Gorbachev , Russian lawyer and politician, the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union , Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2022)1932 – Gun Hägglund , Swedish journalist and translator (d. 2011)1933 – Leo Dillon , American illustrator (d. 2012)[ 41] 1934 – Howard Cassady , American football player (d. 2019)[ 42] 1934 – Dottie Rambo , American singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
1935 – Gene Stallings , American football player and coach1936 – Haroon Ahmed , Pakistani-English engineer and academic1936 – John Tusa , Czech-English journalist and academic
1937 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika , Algerian soldier and politician, 5th President of Algeria (d. 2021)1938 – Clark Gesner , American author and composer (d. 2002)1938 – Ricardo Lagos , Chilean economist, lawyer, and politician, 33rd President of Chile
1938 – Lawrence Payton , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1997)
1939 – Jan Howard Finder , American author and academic (d. 2013)1940 – Billy McNeill , Scottish footballer (d. 2019)1941 – John Cornell , Australian actor, director, and producer (d. 2021)1941 – David Satcher , American admiral and physician, 16th Surgeon General of the United States
1942 – John Irving , American novelist and screenwriter[ 40] 1942 – Claude Larose , Canadian ice hockey player and coach
1942 – Mir-Hossein Mousavi , Iranian architect and politician, 79th Prime Minister of Iran
1942 – Lou Reed , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (d. 2013)[ 38]
1942 – Derek Woodley , English footballer (d. 2002)
1943 – George Layton , English actor, director, and screenwriter1943 – Peter Straub , American author and poet (d. 2022)
1943 – Robert Williams , American painter and cartoonist
1944 – Leif Segerstam , Finnish conductor and composer (d. 2024)[ 43] 1945 – Derek Watkins , English trumpet player and composer (d. 2013)1947 – John Dawkins , Australian politician[ 44] 1947 – Nelson Ned , Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
1947 – Harry Redknapp , English footballer and manager
1948 – Larry Carlton , American guitarist and songwriter1948 – Rory Gallagher , Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1995)[ 38]
1948 – Jeff Kennett , Australian journalist and politician, 43rd Premier of Victoria
1948 – Carmen Lawrence , Australian politician, 25th Premier of Western Australia
1950 – Karen Carpenter , American singer (d. 1983)[ 38] 1952 – Mark Evanier , American author and screenwriter1952 – Laraine Newman , American actress and comedian[ 40]
1953 – Russ Feingold , American lawyer and politician1953 – Kazuo Kitagawa , Japanese politician[ 45]
1954 – Ed Johnstone , Canadian ice hockey player and coach1955 – Dale Bozzio , American pop-rock singer-songwriter1955 – Jay Osmond , American singer, drummer, actor, and TV/film producer[ 40]
1955 – Ken Salazar , American lawyer and politician, 50th United States Secretary of the Interior
1955 – Steve Small , Australian cricketer
1956 – John Cowsill , American musician, songwriter, and producer[ 40] 1956 – Mark Evans , Australian rock bass player
1957 – Mark Dean , American inventor and computer engineer1957 – Hossein Dehghan , Iranian general and politician, Iranian Minister of Defense
1957 – Dito Tsintsadze , Georgian film director and screenwriter
1958 – Kevin Curren , South African-American tennis player1958 – Ian Woosnam , English-Welsh golfer
1959 – Larry Stewart , American singer-songwriter and guitarist[ 40] 1961 – Simone Young , Australian conductor, director, and composer1962 – Jon Bon Jovi , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor[ 40] 1962 – Paul Farrelly , English journalist and politician
1962 – Tom Nordlie , Norwegian footballer and coach
1962 – Brendan O'Connor , Australian politician, Australian Minister for Employment
1962 – Raimo Summanen , Finnish ice hockey player and coach
1962 – Gabriele Tarquini , Italian race car driver
1963 – Anthony Albanese , Australian politician, 31st Prime Minister of Australia [ 38] 1963 – Alvin Youngblood Hart , American singer and guitarist[ 40]
1964 – Laird Hamilton , American surfer and actor1964 – Mike Von Erich , American wrestler (d. 1987)
1965 – Ron Gant , American baseball player and journalist1965 – Lembit Öpik , Northern Irish politician
1966 – Ann Leckie , American author1966 – Simon Reevell , English lawyer and politician
1968 – Daniel Craig , English actor and producer[ 40] 1970 – James Purnell , English politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions 1970 – Ciriaco Sforza , Swiss footballer and manager
1970 – Wibi Soerjadi , Dutch pianist and composer
1971 – Roman Čechmánek , Czech ice hockey player (d. 2023)[ 46] 1971 – Dave Gorman , English comedian, author and television presenter
1971 – Method Man , American rapper, record producer and actor[ 38]
1972 – Mauricio Pochettino , Argentinian footballer and manager1973 – Dejan Bodiroga , Serbian basketball player1973 – Trevor Sinclair , English footballer and manager
1974 – Hayley Lewis , Australian swimmer and television host1975 – Daryl Gibson , New Zealand rugby player1977 – Dominique Canty , American basketball player and coach1977 – Chris Martin , English singer-songwriter (Coldplay )[ 47]
1977 – Heather McComb , American actress[ 40]
1977 – Stephen Parry , English swimmer and sportscaster
1977 – Andrew Strauss , South African-English cricketer
1978 – Jim Chalmers , Australian politician[ 48] 1978 – Gabby Eigenmann , Filipino actor and singer
1978 – Lee Hodges , English footballer and manager
1978 – Sebastian Janikowski , Polish gridiron football player[ 49]
1978 – Tomáš Kaberle , Czech ice hockey player
1979 – Damien Duff , Irish footballer[ 50] 1979 – Jim Troughton , English cricketer
1979 – Nicky Weaver , English footballer
1980 – Chris Barker , English footballer and manager (d. 2020)1980 – Rebel Wilson , Australian actress and screenwriter[ 40]
1981 – Lance Cade , American wrestler (d. 2010)1981 – Bryce Dallas Howard , American actress[ 40]
1982 – Kevin Kurányi , German footballer1982 – Henrik Lundqvist , Swedish ice hockey player
1982 – Joel Lundqvist , Swedish ice hockey player[ 51]
1982 – Ben Roethlisberger , American football player[ 38]
1982 – Corey Webster , American football player
1983 – Deuce , American singer-songwriter and producer1983 – Lisandro López , Argentine footballer
1983 – Jay McClement , Canadian ice hockey player
1983 – Glen Perkins , American baseball player
1983 – Ryan Shannon , American ice hockey player
1984 – Jonathan Ericsson , Swedish ice hockey player[ 52] 1985 – Reggie Bush , American football player1985 – Robert Iler , American actor[ 40]
1985 – Suso Santana , Spanish footballer
1986 – Jonathan D'Aversa , Canadian ice hockey player1986 – Jason Smith , American basketball player[ 53]
1987 – Jonas Jerebko , Swedish basketball player1988 – Édgar Andrade , Mexican footballer1988 – James Arthur , English singer-songwriter
1988 – Laura Kaeppeler , American beauty queen, Miss America 2012
1988 – Matthew Mitcham , Australian diver
1988 – Dexter Pittman , American basketball player[ 54]
1988 – Geert Arend Roorda , Dutch footballer
1989 – Toby Alderweireld , Belgian footballer[ 55] 1989 – Alemão , Brazilian footballer
1989 – Nathalie Emmanuel , English actress[ 56]
1989 – Marcel Hirscher , Austrian skier
1989 – André Bernardes Santos , Portuguese footballer
1989 – Shane Vereen , American football player
1989 – Chris Woakes , English cricketer
1990 – Rauno Alliku , Estonian footballer1990 – Malcolm Butler , American football player
1990 – Luke Combs , American singer-songwriter[ 57]
1990 – Tiger Shroff , Indian actor
1991 – Nick Franklin , American baseball player1992 – Charlie Coyle , American ice hockey player[ 58] 1993 – Nicolás Brussino , Argentine-Italian basketball player[ 59] 1993 – Adolis García , Cuban baseball player[ 60]
1995 – Miguel Andújar , Dominican baseball player[ 61] 1995 – Max Domi , Canadian ice hockey player[ 62]
1995 – Ange-Freddy Plumain , French footballer
1997 – Becky G , American singer and actress[ 40] 1997 – Arike Ogunbowale , American basketball player[ 63]
1998 – Tua Tagovailoa , American football player[ 64] 1999 – Isiah Pacheco , American football player[ 65] 2006 – Windy Zhan , Hong Kong singer and actress[ 66] 2016 – Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
Deaths
Pre-1600
1619 – Anne of Denmark , queen of Scotland (b. 1574)1729 – Francesco Bianchini , Italian astronomer and philosopher (b. 1662)1755 – Louis de Rouvroy , French duke and diplomat (b. 1675)1791 – John Wesley , English cleric and theologian (b. 1703)1793 – Carl Gustaf Pilo , Swedish-Danish painter and academic (b. 1711)1797 – Horace Walpole , English historian and politician (b. 1717)1829 – Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez , Mexican revolutionary (b. ca. 1773)[ 68] 1830 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring , German physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (b. 1755)1835 – Francis II , Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)1840 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers , German physician and astronomer (b. 1758)1855 – Nicholas I , Russian emperor (b. 1796)1864 – Ulric Dahlgren , American colonel (b. 1842)1865 – Carl Sylvius Völkner , German-New Zealand priest and missionary (b. 1819)1880 – John Benjamin Macneill , Irish engineer (b. 1790)1895 – Berthe Morisot , French painter (b. 1841)[ 69] 1895 – Isma'il Pasha , Egyptian politician (b. 1830)
1896 – Jubal Early , American general (b. 1816)
1921 – Champ Clark , American lawyer and politician, 41st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1850)1930 – D. H. Lawrence , English novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1885)1938 – Ben Harney , American pianist and composer (b. 1871)1939 – Howard Carter , English archaeologist and historian (b. 1874)1943 – Gisela Januszewska , Austrian physician (b.1867)[ 70] 1944 – Ida Maclean , British biochemist, the first woman admitted to the London Chemical Society (b. 1877)[ 71] 1945 – Emily Carr , Canadian painter and author (b. 1871)1946 – Fidél Pálffy , Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1895)1946 – George E. Stewart , American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1872)
1947 – Frans Johan Louwrens Ghijsels , Dutch architect and urban planner (b. 1882)1949 – Sarojini Naidu , Indian poet and activist (b. 1879)1953 – James Lightbody , American runner (b. 1882)1957 – Selim Sırrı Tarcan , Turkish educator and politician (b. 1874)1958 – Fred Merkle , American baseball player and manager (b. 1888)1962 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin , Belgian mathematician and academic (b. 1866)1967 – José Martínez Ruiz , Spanish author and critic (b. 1873)1972 – Léo-Ernest Ouimet , Canadian director and producer (b. 1877)[ 72] 1977 – Eugénie Brazier , French chef (b. 1895)[ 73] 1979 – Christy Ring , Irish hurler (b. 1920)1982 – Philip K. Dick , American philosopher and author (b. 1928)1987 – Randolph Scott , American actor and director (b. 1898)1987 – Lolo Soetoro , Indonesian geographer and academic (b. 1935)
1991 – Serge Gainsbourg , French singer-songwriter, actor, and director (b. 1928)1992 – Sandy Dennis , American actress (b. 1937)1994 – Anita Morris , American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1943)1999 – Dusty Springfield , English singer (b. 1939)2000 – Sandra Schmirler , Canadian curler (b. 1963)2003 – Hank Ballard , American singer-songwriter (b. 1927)2003 – Malcolm Williamson , Australian pianist and composer (b. 1931)
2004 – Cormac McAnallen , Irish footballer (b. 1980)2004 – Mercedes McCambridge , American actress (b. 1916)[ 74]
2004 – Marge Schott , American businesswoman (b. 1928)
2005 – Martin Denny , American pianist and composer (b. 1911)2007 – Thomas S. Kleppe , American soldier and politician, 41st United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1919)2007 – Clem Labine , American baseball player (b. 1926)
2007 – Ivan Safronov , Russian colonel and journalist (b. 1956)
2007 – Henri Troyat , Russian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
2008 – Jeff Healey , Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1966)2009 – João Bernardo Vieira , Bissau-Guinean politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1939)2010 – Winston Churchill , English journalist and politician (b. 1940)2012 – Lawrence Anthony , South African environmentalist, explorer, and author (b. 1950)2012 – Van T. Barfoot , American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
2012 – Norman St John-Stevas , English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1929)
2012 – James Q. Wilson , American political scientist and academic (b. 1931)
2013 – Peter Harvey , Australian journalist (b. 1944)2013 – Giorgos Kolokithas , Greek basketball player (b. 1945)
2013 – Shabnam Shakeel , Pakistani poet and author (b. 1942)
2014 – Ryhor Baradulin , Belarusian poet and translator (b. 1935)2015 – Dean Hess , American minister and colonel (b. 1917)2015 – Dave Mackay , Scottish-English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
2015 – Mal Peet , English author and illustrator (b. 1947)
2016 – Benoît Lacroix , Canadian priest, historian, and philosopher (b. 1915)2016 – Aubrey McClendon , American businessman (b. 1959)
2018 – Billy Herrington , American actor (b. 1969)2018 – Lin Hu , Chinese lieutenant general (b. 1927)
2019 – Mike Oliver , British sociologist, disability rights activist (b. 1945) [ 75] 2024 – Jaclyn Jose , Filipino actress (b. 1963)[ 76]
Holidays and observances
References
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