米爾格倫實驗(英語:Milgram experiment),又稱權力服從研究(Obedience to Authority Study)是一個針對社会心理学非常知名的科學實驗。[1] 實驗的概念最先開始於1963年由耶魯大學心理學家斯坦利·米尔格拉姆在《變態心理學期刊》裡所發表的《Behavioral Study of Obedience》一文,稍後也在他於1974年出版的《服從權威:實驗觀點(英语:Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View)》裡所討論。這個實驗的目的,是為了測試受測者,在面對權威者下達違背良心的命令時,人性所能發揮的拒絕力量到底有多少。其理论基础是人类倾向于服从那些在他们之上有权威的人,即便在服从的过程中,他们不得不违反自己的道德准则和伦理行为。[2]
實驗開始於1961年7月,也就是納粹黨徒阿道夫·艾希曼被抓回耶路撒冷審判並被判處死刑後的一年。米爾格倫設計了這個實驗,便是為了測試“艾希曼以及其他千百萬名參與了猶太人大屠殺的納粹追隨者,有沒有可能只是單純的服從了上級的命令呢?我們能稱呼他們為大屠殺的兇手嗎?”[3]米爾格认为在某些情况下,人类的服从倾向(the human tendency to obey)是如此根深蒂固和强大,以至于它抹灭了一个人如何表现出道德、伦理甚至同情行为的能力。[2]
^Haslam, S. Alexander; Reicher, Stephen D.; Birney, Megan E. Nothing by Mere Authority: Evidence that in an Experimental Analogue of the Milgram Paradigm Participants are Motivated not by Orders but by Appeals to Science. Journal of Social Issues. September 1, 2014, 70 (3): 473–488. ISSN 1540-4560. doi:10.1111/josi.12072. hdl:10034/604991(英语).
^Milgram, S. (1974), Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, London: Tavistock Publications.
^Milgram, S. (2005), Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, Pinter & Martin Ltd.; New edition, paperback: 240 pages ISBN 0-9530964-7-5ISBN 978-0953096473
^Milgram, S. (2009), Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View, Harper Perennial Modern Classics; Reprint edition, paperback: 256 pages ISBN 0-06-176521-XISBN 978-0061765216
Blass, Thomas. "The Milgram paradigm after 35 years: Some things we now know about obedience to authority", Journal of Applied Social Psychology[1] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 1999, 25, pp. 955-978.
Blass, Thomas. (2002), "The Man Who Shocked the World", Psychology Today, 35:(2), Mar/Apr 2002.
Blass, Thomas. (2004), The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram. Basic Books (ISBN 0-7382-0399-8).
Levine, Robert V. "Milgram's Progress" [2]. American Scientist.
Book review of "The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram". Thomas Blass. xxiv + 360 pp. Basic Books, 2004.
Includes an interview with one of Milgram's volunteers, and discusses modern interest in, and scepticism about, the experiment.
Wu, William, "Practical Psychology: Compliance: The Milgram Experiment." [7] (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
影片
Obedience, Black-and-white film of the experiment, shot by Milgram. Distributed by 宾夕法尼亚州立大学 Media Sales
The Milgram Reenactment (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), 2002. Color, Exact re-enactment of one condition of the obedience experiment. Created by conceptual UK artist Rod Dickinson.